Power-limit reporting in a communication system using carrier aggregation

ABSTRACT

The invention relates to methods for informing an eNodeB on the transmit power status of a user equipment in a mobile communication system using component carrier (CC) aggregation. Furthermore, the invention is also related to the implementation of these methods by hardware and their implementation in software. The invention proposes procedures that allow the eNodeB to recognize the power usage status of a UE in a communication system using carrier aggregation. The UE indicates to the eNodeB, when the UE is close to using its total maximum UE transmit power or when it has exceeded same. This is achieved by the UE including indicator(s) and/or new MAC CEs to one or more protocol data units transmitted on respective component carriers within a single sub-frame that is providing the eNodeB with power status information. The MAC CEs may report a per-UE power headroom. Alternatively, the MAC CEs may report per-CC power headrooms and/or power reductions applied to the respective uplink CCs.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to methods for informing an eNodeB on the transmitpower status of a user equipment in a mobile communication system usingcomponent carrier aggregation. Furthermore, the invention is alsorelated to the implementation/performance of these methods in/byhardware, i.e. apparatuses, and their implementation in software. Theinvention further relates to the definition of per-UE and per-componentcarrier power headroom reports and their signaling by means of MACcontrol elements.

TECHNICAL BACKGROUND Long Term Evolution (LTE)

Third-generation mobile systems (3G) based on WCDMA radio-accesstechnology are being deployed on a broad scale all around the world. Afirst step in enhancing or evolving this technology entails introducingHigh-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and an enhanced uplink, alsoreferred to as High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), giving aradio-access technology that is highly competitive.

In order to be prepared for further increasing user demands and to becompetitive against new radio access technologies 3GPP introduced a newmobile communication system which is called Long Term Evolution (LTE).LTE is designed to meet the carrier needs for high speed data and mediatransport as well as high capacity voice support to the next decade. Theability to provide high bit rates is a key measure for LTE.

The work item (WI) specification on Long-Term Evolution (LTE) calledEvolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) and UMTS Terrestrial RadioAccess Network (UTRAN) is to be finalized as Release 8 (LTE Rel. 8). TheLTE system represents efficient packet-based radio access and radioaccess networks that provide full IP-based functionalities with lowlatency and low cost. In LTE, scalable multiple transmission bandwidthsare specified such as 1.4, 3.0, 5.0, 10.0, 15.0, and 20.0 MHz, in orderto achieve flexible system deployment using a given spectrum. In thedownlink, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based radioaccess was adopted because of its inherent immunity to multipathinterference (MPI) due to a low symbol rate, the use of a cyclic prefix(CP), and its affinity to different transmission bandwidth arrangements.Single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) based radioaccess was adopted in the uplink, since provisioning of wide areacoverage was prioritized over improvement in the peak data rateconsidering the restricted transmit power of the user equipment (UE).Many key packet radio access techniques are employed includingmultiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel transmission techniques,and a highly efficient control signaling structure is achieved in LTERel. 8/9.

LTE Architecture

The overall architecture is shown in FIG. 1 and a more detailedrepresentation of the E-UTRAN architecture is given in FIG. 2. TheE-UTRAN consists of eNodeB, providing the E-UTRA user plane(PDCP/RLC/MAC/PHY) and control plane (RRC) protocol terminations towardsthe user equipment (UE). The eNodeB (eNB) hosts the Physical (PHY),Medium Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), and Packet DataControl Protocol (PDCP) layers that include the functionality ofuser-plane header-compression and encryption. It also offers RadioResource Control (RRC) functionality corresponding to the control plane.It performs many functions including radio resource management,admission control, scheduling, enforcement of negotiated uplink QoS,cell information broadcast, ciphering/deciphering of user and controlplane data, and compression/decompression of downlink/uplink user planepacket headers. The eNodeBs are interconnected with each other by meansof the X2 interface.

The eNodeBs are also connected by means of the S1 interface to the EPC(Evolved Packet Core), more specifically to the MME (Mobility ManagementEntity) by means of the S1-MME and to the Serving Gateway (SGW) by meansof the S1-U. The S1 interface supports a many-to-many relation betweenMMEs/Serving Gateways and eNodeBs. The SGW routes and forwards user datapackets, while also acting as the mobility anchor for the user planeduring inter-eNodeB handovers and as the anchor for mobility between LTEand other 3GPP technologies (terminating S4 interface and relaying thetraffic between 2G/3G systems and PDN GW). For idle state userequipments, the SGW terminates the downlink data path and triggerspaging when downlink data arrives for the user equipment. It manages andstores user equipment contexts, e.g. parameters of the IP bearerservice, network internal routing information. It also performsreplication of the user traffic in case of lawful interception.

The MME is the key control-node for the LTE access-network. It isresponsible for idle mode user equipment tracking and paging procedureincluding retransmissions. It is involved in the beareractivation/deactivation process and is also responsible for choosing theSGW for a user equipment at the initial attach and at time of intra-LTEhandover involving Core Network (CN) node relocation. It is responsiblefor authenticating the user (by interacting with the HSS). TheNon-Access Stratum (NAS) signaling terminates at the MME and it is alsoresponsible for generation and allocation of temporary identities touser equipments. It checks the authorization of the user equipment tocamp on the service provider's Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) andenforces user equipment roaming restrictions. The MME is the terminationpoint in the network for ciphering/integrity protection for NASsignaling and handles the security key management. Lawful interceptionof signaling is also supported by the MME. The MME also provides thecontrol plane function for mobility between LTE and 2G/3G accessnetworks with the S3 interface terminating at the MME from the SGSN. TheMME also terminates the S6a interface towards the home HSS for roaminguser equipments.

QoS Control

Efficient Quality of Service (QoS) support is seen as a basicrequirement by operators for LTE. In order to allow best in class userexperience, while on the other hand optimizing the network resourceutilization, enhanced QoS support should be integral part of the newsystem.

Aspects of QoS support is currently being under discussion within 3GPPworking groups. Essentially, the QoS design for System ArchitectureEvolution (SAE)/LTE is based on the QoS design of the current UMTSsystem reflected in 3GPP TR 25.814, “Physical layer aspects for evolvedUniversal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA)”, v.7.1.0 (available athttp://www.3gpp.org and incorporated herein by reference). The agreedSAE Bearer Service architecture is depicted in FIG. 5. The definition ofa bearer service as given in 3GPP TR 25.814 may still be applicable:

“A bearer service includes all aspects to enable the provision of acontracted QoS. These aspects are among others the control signaling,user plane transport and QoS management functionality”.

In the new SAE/LTE architecture the following new bearers have beendefined: the SAE Bearer service between the mobile terminal (UserEquipment—UE) and the serving gateway, the SAE Radio Bearer on the radioaccess network interface between mobile terminal and eNodeB as well asthe SAE Access Bearer between the eNodeB and the serving gateway.

The SAE Bearer Service provides:

-   -   QoS-wise aggregation of IP end-to-end-service flows;    -   IP header compression (and provision of related information to        UE);    -   User Plane (UP) encryption (and provision of related information        to UE);    -   if prioritized treatment of end-to-end-service signaling packets        is required an additional SAE Bearer Service can be added to the        default IP service;    -   provision of mapping/multiplexing information to the UE;    -   provision of accepted QoS information to the UE.

The SAE Radio Bearer Service provides:

-   -   transport of the SAE Bearer Service data units between eNodeB        and UE according to the required QoS;    -   linking of the SAE Radio Bearer Service to the respective SAE        Bearer Service.

The SAE Access Bearer Service provides:

-   -   transport of the SAE Bearer Service data units between serving        gateway and eNodeB according to the required QoS;    -   provision of aggregate QoS description of the SAE Bearer Service        towards the eNodeB;    -   linking of the SAE Access Bearer Service to the respective SAE        Bearer Service.

In 3GPP TR 25.814 a one-to-one mapping between an SAE Bearer and an SAERadio Bearer. Furthermore there is a one-to-one mapping between a radiobearer (RB) and a logical channel. From that definition it follows thata SAE Bearer, i.e. the corresponding SAE Radio Bearer and SAE AccessBearer, is the level of granularity for QoS control in an SAE/LTE accesssystem. Packet flows mapped to the same SAE Bearer receive the sametreatment.

For LTE there will be two different SAE bearer types: the default SAEbearer with a default QoS profile, which is configured during initialaccess and the dedicated SAE bearer (SAE bearers may also be referred toas SAE bearer services) which is established for services requiring aQoS profile which is different from the default one.

The default SAE bearer is an “always on” SAE bearer that can be usedimmediately after LTE_IDLE to LTE_ACTIVE state transition. It carriesall flows which have not been signaled a Traffic Flow Template (TFT).The Traffic Flow Template is used by serving gateway to discriminatebetween different user payloads. The Traffic Flow Template incorporatespacket filters such as QoS.

Using the packet filters the serving gateway maps the incoming data intothe correct PDP Context (Packet Data Protocol Context). For the defaultSAE bearer, several service data flows can be multiplexed. Unlike thedefault SAE Bearer, the dedicated SAE Bearers are aimed at supportingidentified services in a dedicated manner, typically to provide aguaranteed bit-rate. Dedicated SAE bearers are established by theserving gateway based on the QoS information received in Policy andCharging Control (PCC) rules from evolved packet core when a new serviceis requested. A dedicated SAE bearer is associated with packet filterswhere the filters match only certain packets. A default SAE bearer isassociated with “match all” packet filters for uplink and downlink. Foruplink handling the serving gateway builds the Traffic Flow Templatefilters for the dedicated SAE bearers. The UE maps service data flows tothe correct bearer based on the Traffic Flow Template, which has beensignaled during bearer establishment. As for the default SAE Bearer,also for the dedicated SAE Bearer several service data flows can bemultiplexed.

The QoS Profile of the SAE bearer is signaled from the serving gatewayto the eNodeB during the SAE bearer setup procedure. This profile isthen used by the eNodeB to derive a set of Layer 2 QoS parameters, whichwill determine the QoS handling on the air interface. The Layer 2 QoSparameters are input to the scheduling functionality. The parametersincluded in the QoS profile signaled on S1 interface from servinggateway to eNodeB are currently under discussion. Most likely thefollowing QoS profile parameters are signaled for each SAE bearer:Traffic Handling Priority, Maximum Bit-rate, Guaranteed Bit-rate. Inaddition, the serving gateway signals to the eNodeB the Allocation andRetention Priority for each user during initial access.

Uplink Access scheme for LTE

For uplink transmission, power-efficient user-terminal transmission isnecessary to maximize coverage. Single-carrier transmission combinedwith FDMA (Frequency Division Multiple Access) with dynamic bandwidthallocation has been chosen as the evolved UTRA uplink transmissionscheme. The main reason for the preference for single-carriertransmission is the lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), comparedto multi-carrier signals (OFDMA—Orthogonal Frequency Division MultipleAccess), and the corresponding improved power-amplifier efficiency andassumed improved coverage (higher data rates for a given terminal peakpower). During each time interval, eNodeB assigns users a uniquetime/frequency resource for transmitting user data thereby ensuringintra-cell orthogonality. An orthogonal access in the uplink promisesincreased spectral efficiency by eliminating intra-cell interference.Interference due to multipath propagation is handled at the base station(eNodeB), aided by insertion of a cyclic prefix in the transmittedsignal.

The basic physical resource used for data transmission consists of afrequency resource of size BW_(grant) during one time interval, e.g. asub-frame of 0.5 ms, onto which coded information bits are mapped. Itshould be noted that a sub-frame, also referred to as transmission timeinterval (TTI), is the smallest time interval for user datatransmission. It is however possible to assign a frequency resourceBW_(grant) over a longer time period than one TTI to a user byconcatenation of sub-frames.

The frequency resource can either be in a localized or distributedspectrum as illustrated in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4. As can be seen from FIG.3, localized single-carrier is characterized by the transmitted signalhaving a continuous spectrum that occupies a part of the total availablespectrum. Different symbol rates (corresponding to different data rates)of the transmitted signal imply different bandwidths of a localizedsingle-carrier signal.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4, distributed single-carrier ischaracterized by the transmitted signal having a non-continuous(“comb-shaped”) spectrum that is distributed over system bandwidth. Notethat, although the distributed single-carrier signal is distributed overthe system bandwidth, the total amount of occupied spectrum is, inessence, the same as that of localized single-carrier. Furthermore, forhigher/lower symbol rate, the number of “comb-fingers” isincreased/reduced, while the “bandwidth” of each “comb finger” remainsthe same.

At first glance, the spectrum in FIG. 4 may give the impression of amulti-carrier signal where each comb-finger corresponds to a“sub-carrier”. However, from the time-domain signal-generation of adistributed single-carrier signal, it should be clear that what is beinggenerated is a true single-carrier signal with a corresponding lowpeak-to-average power ratio. The key difference between a distributedsingle-carrier signal versus a multi-carrier signal, such as e.g. OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex), is that, in the former case,each “sub-carrier” or “comb finger” does not carry a single modulationsymbol. Instead each “comb-finger” carries information about allmodulation symbols. This creates a dependency between the differentcomb-fingers that leads to the low-PAPR characteristics. It is the samedependency between the “comb fingers” that leads to a need forequalization unless the channel is frequency-non-selective over theentire transmission bandwidth. In contrast, for OFDM equalization is notneeded as long as the channel is frequency-non-selective over thesub-carrier bandwidth.

Distributed transmission can provide a larger frequency diversity gainthan localized transmission, while localized transmission more easilyallows for channel-dependent scheduling. Note that, in many cases thescheduling decision may decide to give the whole bandwidth to a singleuser equipment to achieve high data rates.

Uplink Scheduling Scheme for LTE

The uplink scheme allows for both scheduled access, i.e. controlled byeNodeB, and contention-based access.

In case of scheduled access the user equipment is allocated a certainfrequency resource for a certain time (i.e. a time/frequency resource)for uplink data transmission. However, some time/frequency resources canbe allocated for contention-based access. Within these time/frequencyresources, user equipments can transmit without first being scheduled.One scenario where user equipment is making a contention-based access isfor example the random access, i.e. when user equipment is performinginitial access to a cell or for requesting uplink resources.

For the scheduled access eNodeB scheduler assigns a user a uniquefrequency/time resource for uplink data transmission. More specificallythe scheduler determines

-   -   which user equipment(s) that is (are) allowed to transmit,    -   which physical channel resources (frequency),    -   Transport format (Transport Block Size (TBS) and Modulation        Coding Scheme (MCS)) to be used by the mobile terminal for        transmission

The allocation information is signaled to the user equipment via ascheduling grant, sent on the so-called L1/L2 control channel. Forsimplicity, this downlink channel is referred to the “uplink grantchannel” in the following.

A scheduling grant message (also referred to as an resource assignmentherein) contains at least information which part of the frequency bandthe user equipment is allowed to use, the validity period of the grant,and the transport format the user equipment has to use for the upcominguplink transmission. The shortest validity period is one sub-frame.Additional information may also be included in the grant message,depending on the selected scheme. Only “per user equipment” grants areused to grant the right to transmit on the Uplink Shared Channel UL-SCH(i.e. there are no “per user equipment per RB” grants). Therefore theuser equipment needs to distribute the allocated resources among theradio bearers according to some rules, which will be explained in detailin the next section.

Unlike in HSUPA there is no user equipment based transport formatselection. The base station (eNodeB) decides the transport format basedon some information, e.g. reported scheduling information and QoSinformation, and user equipment has to follow the selected transportformat. In HSUPA eNodeB assigns the maximum uplink resource and userequipment selects accordingly the actual transport format for the datatransmissions.

Uplink data transmissions are only allowed to use the time-frequencyresources assigned to the user equipment through the scheduling grant.If the user equipment does not have a valid grant, it is not allowed totransmit any uplink data. Unlike in HSUPA, where each user equipment isalways allocated a dedicated channel there is only one uplink datachannel shared by multiple users (UL-SCH) for data transmissions.

To request resources, the user equipment transmits a resource requestmessage to the eNodeB. This resources request message could for examplecontain information on the buffer status, the power status of the userequipment and some Quality of Services (QoS) related information. Thisinformation, which will be referred to as scheduling information, allowseNodeB to make an appropriate resource allocation. Throughout thedocument it's assumed that the buffer status is reported for a group ofradio bearers. Of course other configurations for the buffer statusreporting are also possible. Since the scheduling of radio resources isthe most important function in a shared channel access network fordetermining Quality of Service, there are a number of requirements thatshould be fulfilled by the uplink scheduling scheme for LTE in order toallow for an efficient QoS management (see 3GPP RAN WG #2 Tdoc.R2-R2-062606, “QoS operator requirements/use cases for services sharingthe same bearer”, by T-Mobile, NTT DoCoMo, Vodafone, Orange, KPN;available at http://www.3gpp.org/ and incorporated herein by reference):

-   -   Starvation of low priority services should be avoided    -   Clear QoS differentiation for radio bearers/services should be        supported by the scheduling scheme    -   The uplink reporting should allow fine granular buffer reports        (e.g. per radio bearer or per radio bearer group) in order to        allow the eNodeB scheduler to identify for which Radio        Bearer/service data is to be sent.    -   It should be possible to make clear QoS differentiation between        services of different users    -   It should be possible to provide a minimum bit-rate per radio        bearer

As can be seen from above list one essential aspect of the LTEscheduling scheme is to provide mechanisms with which the operator cancontrol the partitioning of its aggregate cell capacity between theradio bearers of the different QoS classes. The QoS class of a radiobearer is identified by the QoS profile of the corresponding SAE bearersignaled from serving gateway to eNodeB as described before. An operatorcan then allocate a certain amount of its aggregate cell capacity to theaggregate traffic associated with radio bearers of a certain QoS class.

The main goal of employing this class-based approach is to be able todifferentiate the treatment of packets depending on the QoS class theybelong to. For example, as the load in a cell increases, it should bepossible for an operator to handle this by throttling traffic belongingto a low-priority QoS class. At this stage, the high-priority trafficcan still experience a low-loaded situation, since the aggregateresources allocated to this traffic is sufficient to serve it. Thisshould be possible in both uplink and downlink direction.

One benefit of employing this approach is to give the operator fullcontrol of the policies that govern the partitioning of the bandwidth.For example, one operator's policy could be to, even at extremely highloads, avoid starvation of traffic belonging to its lowest priority QoSClass. The avoidance of starvation of low priority traffic is one of themain requirements for the uplink scheduling scheme in LTE. In currentUMTS Release 6 (HSUPA) scheduling mechanism the absolute prioritizationscheme may lead to starvation of low priority applications. E-TFCselection (Enhanced Transport Format Combination selection) is done onlyin accordance to absolute logical channel priorities, i.e. thetransmission of high priority data is maximized, which means that lowpriority data is possibly starved by high priority data. In order toavoid starvation the eNodeB scheduler must have means to control fromwhich radio bearers a user equipment transmits data. This mainlyinfluences the design and use of the scheduling grants transmitted onthe L1/L2 control channel in downlink. In the following the details ofthe uplink rate control procedure in LTE is outlined.

Medium Access Control (MAC) and MAC Control Elements

The MAC layer is the lowest sub-layer in the Layer 2 architecture of theLTE radio protocol stack (see 3GPP TS 36.321, “Medium Access Control(MAC) protocol specification”, version 8.7.0, in particular sections4.2, 4.3, 5.4.3 and 6, available at http//www.3gpp.org and incorporatedin its entirety herein by reference). The connection to the physicallayer below is through transport channels, and the connection to the RLClayer above is through logical channels. The MAC layer performsmultiplexing and demultiplexing between logical channels and transportchannels. The MAC layer in the transmitting side (in the followingexamples the user equipment) constructs MAC PDUs, also referred to astransport blocks, from MAC SDUs received through logical channels, andthe MAC layer in the receiving side recovers MAC SDUs from MAC PDUsreceived through transport channels.

In the multiplexing and demultiplexing entity, data from several logicalchannels can be (de)multiplexed into/from one transport channel. Themultiplexing entity generates MAC PDUs from MAC SDUs when radioresources are available for a new transmission. This process includesprioritizing the data from the logical channels to decide how much dataand from which logical channel(s) should be included in each MAC PDU.Please note that the process of generating MAC PDUs in the userequipment is also referred to a logical channel prioritization (LCP) inthe 3GPP terminology.

The demultiplexing entity reassembles the MAC SDUs from MAC PDUs anddistributes them to the appropriate RLC entities. In addition, forpeer-to-peer communication between the MAC layers, control messagescalled ‘MAC Control Elements’ can be included in the MAC PDU.

A MAC PDU primarily consists of the MAC header and the MAC payload (see3GPP TS 36.321, section 6). The MAC header is further composed of MACsub-headers, while the MAC payload is composed of MAC Control Elements,MAC SDUs and padding. Each MAC sub-header consists of a Logical ChannelID (LCID) and a Length (L) field. The LCID indicates whether thecorresponding part of the MAC payload is a MAC Control Element, and ifnot, to which logical channel the related MAC SDU belongs. The L fieldindicates the size of the related MAC SDU or MAC Control Element. Asalready mentioned above, MAC Control Elements are used for MAC-levelpeer-to-peer signaling, including delivery of BSR information andreports of the UE's available power in the uplink, and in the downlinkDRX commands and timing advance commands. For each type of MAC ControlElement, one special LCID is allocated. An example for a MAC PDU isshown in FIG. 6.

Power Control

Uplink transmitter power control in a mobile communication system servesthe purpose of balancing the need for sufficient transmitter energy perbit to achieve the required QoS against the need to minimizeinterference to other users of the system and to maximize the batterylife of the user equipment. In achieving this, the uplink power controlhas to adapt to the characteristics of the radio propagation channel,including path loss, shadowing and fast fading, as well as overcominginterference from other users within the same cell and neighboringcells. The role of the Power Control (PC) becomes decisive to providethe required SINR (Signal-to-Interference plus Noise Ratio) whilecontrolling at the same time the interference caused to neighboringcells. The idea of classic PC schemes in uplink is that all users arereceived with the same SINR, which is known as full compensation. As analternative, the 3GPP has adopted the use of Fractional Power Control(FPC) for LTE Rel. 8/9. This new functionality makes users with a higherpath-loss operate at a lower SINR requirement so that they will morelikely generate less interference to neighboring cells.

The power control scheme provided in LTE Rel. 8/9 employs a combinationof open-loop and closed-loop control. A mode of operation involvessetting a coarse operating point for the transmission power densityspectrum by open-loop means based on path-loss estimation. Fasteroperation can then be applied around the open-loop operating point byclosed-loop power control. This controls interference and fine-tunes thepower settings to suit the channel conditions including fast fading.

With this combination of mechanisms, the power control scheme in LTERel. 8/9 provides support for more than one mode of operation. It can beseen as a toolkit for different power control strategies depending onthe deployment scenario, the system load and operator preference.

The detailed power control formulae are specified in LTE Rel. 8/9 forthe Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), Physical Uplink ControlChannel (PUCCH) and the Sounding Reference Signals (SRS) in section 5.1in 3GPP TS 36.213, “Physical layer procedures”, version 8.8.0, availableat http://www.3gpp.org and incorporated herein by reference. The formulafor each of these uplink signals follows the same basic principles; inall cases they can be considered as a summation of two main terms: abasic open-loop operating point derived from static or semi-staticparameters signaled by the eNodeB, and a dynamic offset updated fromsub-frame to sub-frame.

The basic open-loop operating point for the transmit power per resourceblock depends on a number of factors including the inter-cellinterference and cell load. It can be further broken down into twocomponents, a semi-static base level P₀, further comprised of a commonpower level for all user equipments in the cell (measured in dBm) and aUE-specific offset, and an open-loop path-loss compensation component.The dynamic offset part of the power per resource block can also befurther broken down into two components, a component dependent on theMCS and explicit Transmitter Power Control (TPC) commands.

The MCS-dependent component (referred to in the LTE specifications asΔ_(TF), where TF stands for “Transport Format”) allows the transmittedpower per resource block to be adapted according to the transmittedinformation data rate.

The other component of the dynamic offset is the UE-specific TPCcommands. These can operate in two different modes: accumulative TPCcommands (available for PUSCH, PUCCH and SRS) and absolute TPC commands(available for PUSCH only). For the PUSCH, the switch between these twomodes is configured semi-statically for each UE by RRC signaling—i.e.the mode cannot be changed dynamically. With the accumulative TPCcommands, each TPC command signals a power step relative to the previouslevel. Uplink transmitter power control in a mobile communication systemserves the purpose of balancing the need for sufficient transmitterenergy per bit to achieve the required QoS against the need to minimizeinterference to other users of the system and to maximize the batterylife of the user equipment.

In achieving this, the uplink power control has to adapt to thecharacteristics of the radio propagation channel, including path loss,shadowing and fast fading, as well as overcoming interference from otherusers within the same cell and neighboring cells.

The setting of the UE Transmit power P_(PUSCH) [dBm] for the PUSCHtransmission in reference sub-frame i is defined by (see section 5.1.1.1of 3GPP TS 36.213):

P _(PUSCH)(i)=min{P _(CMAX),10 log₁₀(PUSCH(i))+P_(O_PUSCH)(j)+α(j)·PL+Δ_(TF)(i)+ƒ(i)}   Equation 1

-   -   P_(CMAX) is the maximum UE transmit power chosen by UE in the        given range (see below) M_(PUSCH) is the number of allocated        physical resource blocks (PRBs). The more PRBs are allocated,        the more uplink transmit power is allocated.    -   P_(0_PUSCH)(j) indicates the base transmission power signaled by        RRC. For semi-persistent scheduling (SPS) and dynamic scheduling        this is the sum of a cell specific nominal component        P_(O_NOMINAL_PUSCH)(j)∈[−126, . . . , 24] and a UE specific        component P_(O_UE_PUSCH)(j)∈[−127, . . . , −96] For RACH message        3: Offset from preamble transmission power    -   α denotes a cell-specific parameter (that is broadcast on system        information). This parameter indicates how much path-loss PL is        compensated. α=1 means the received signal level at eNodeB is        same regardless of the user equipment's position. For SPS and        dynamic scheduling α∈{0, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1}, and        for the case of RACH Message 3, α(j)=1.    -   PL is the UE path-loss derived at the user equipments based on        Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) measurement and signaled        Reference Signal (RS) transmission power. PL can be defined as        PL=reference signal power−higher layer filtered RSRP.    -   Δ_(TF) is a modulation and coding scheme (transport format)        dependent power offset.    -   ƒ(i) is a function of the closed loop power control commands        signaled from the eNodeB to the UE. ƒ( ) represents accumulation        in case of accumulative TPC commands. Whether closed loop        commands are relative accumulative or absolute is configured by        higher layers. For the accumulative TPC commands two sets of        power step values are provided: (−1,1) dB for DCI format 3A and        (−1,0+1,+3)dB for DCI format 3. The set of values which can be        signaled by absolute TPC commands is (−4,−1,1,4) dB indicated by        DCI format 3.

Power Headroom Reporting

In order to assist the eNodeB to schedule the uplink transmissionresources to different user equipments in an appropriate way, it isimportant that the user equipment can report its available powerheadroom to eNodeB.

The eNodeB can use the power headroom reports to determine how much moreuplink bandwidth per sub-frame a user equipment is capable of using.This helps to avoid allocating uplink transmission resources to userequipments which are unable to use them in order to avoid a waste ofresources.

The range of the power headroom report is from +40 to −23 dB (see 3GPPTS 36.133, “Requirements for support of radio resource management”,version 8.7.0, section 9.1.8.4, available at http//www.3gpp.org andincorporated in its entirety herein by reference). The negative part ofthe range enables the user equipment to signal to the eNodeB the extentto which it has received an UL grant which would require moretransmission power than the UE has available. This would enable theeNodeB to reduce the size of a subsequent grant, thus freeing uptransmission resources to allocate to other UEs.

A power headroom report can only be sent in sub-frames in which a UE hasan UL grant. The report relates to the sub-frame in which it is sent. Anumber of criteria are defined to trigger a power headroom report. Theseinclude:

-   -   A significant change in estimated path loss since the last power        headroom report    -   More than a configured time has elapsed since the previous power        headroom report    -   More than a configured number of closed-loop TPC commands have        been implemented by the UE

The eNodeB can configure parameters to control each of these triggersdepending on the system loading and the requirements of its schedulingalgorithm. To be more specific, RRC controls power headroom reporting byconfiguring the two timers periodicPHR-Timer and prohibitPHR-Timer, andby signalling dl-PathlossChange which sets the change in measureddownlink pathloss to trigger a power headroom report.

The power headroom report is send as a MAC Control Element. It consistsof a single octet where the two highest bits are reserved and the sixlowest bits represent the dB values mentioned above in 1 dB steps. Thestructure of the MAC Control Element is shown in FIG. 7.

The UE power headroom PH [dB] valid for sub-frame i is defined by (seesection 5.1.1.2 of 3GPP TS 36.213):

PH(i)=P _(CMAX)−{10·log₁₀(M _(PUSCH)(i))+P_(0_PUSCH)(j)+α(j)·PL+Δ_(TF)(i)+ƒ(i)}   Equation 2

The power headroom is rounded to the closest value in the range [40;−23] dB with steps of 1 dB. P_(CMAX) is the total maximum UE transmitpower (or total maximum transmit power of the user equipment) and is avalue chosen by user equipment in the given range of P_(CMAX_L) andP_(CMAX_H) based on the following constraints:

P _(CMAX_L) ≤P _(CMAX) ≤P _(CMAX_H)

P _(CMAX_L)=min(P _(EMAX) −ΔT _(C) ,P _(PowerClass)−MPR−AMPR−ΔT _(C))

P _(CMAX_H)=min(P _(EMAX) ,P _(PowerClass))

P_(EMAX) is the value signaled by the network and ΔT_(C), MPR and AMPR(also denoted A-MPR—Additional Maximum Power Reduction) are specified in3GPP TS 36.101, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception”, version 8.7.0,section 6.2 available at http//www.3gpp.org and incorporated herein byreference.

MPR is a power reduction value, the so-called Maximum Power Reduction,used to control the Adjacent Channel Leakage Power Ratio (ACLR)associated with the various modulation schemes and the transmissionbandwidth. An adjacent channel may be for example either another EvolvedUniversal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA) channel or an UTRA channel.The maximum allowed power reduction (MPR) is also defined in 3GPP TS36.101. It is different depending on channel bandwidth and modulationscheme. The user equipment's reduction may be less than this maximumallowed power reduction (MPR) value. 3GPP specifies a MPR test whichverifies that the maximum transmit power of a user equipment is greaterthan or equal to the nominal total maximum transmit power minus the MPRwhile still complying with the ACLR requirements

As indicated above, AMPR is the Additional Maximum Power Reduction. Itis band specific and is applied when configured by the network.

As can be seen from the explanations above, P_(CMAX) isUE-implementation specific and hence not known by the eNodeB.

FIG. 25 shows exemplary scenarios for a UE transmission power status andcorresponding power headroom. On the left hand side of FIG. 25, the userequipment is not power limited (positive PHR), whereas on the right handside of FIG. 25 a negative power headroom is implying a power limitationof the user equipment. Please note that theP_(CMAX_L)≤P_(CMAX)≤min(P_(EMAX),P_(PowerClass)) wherein the lowerboundary P_(CMAX_L) is typically mainly dependent on the maximum powerreduction MPR and the additional maximum power reduction AMPR, i.e.P_(CMAX_L)≅P_(PowerClass)−MPR−AMPR

Further Advancements for LTE (LTE-A)

The frequency spectrum for IMT-Advanced was decided at the WorldRadiocommunication Conference 2007 (WRC-07). Although the overallfrequency spectrum for IMT-Advanced was decided, the actual availablefrequency bandwidth is different according to each region or country.Following the decision on the available frequency spectrum outline,however, standardization of a radio interface started in the 3rdGeneration Partnership Project (3GPP). At the 3GPP TSG RAN #39 meeting,the Study Item description on “Further Advancements for E-UTRA(LTE-Advanced)” was approved. The study item covers technologycomponents to be considered for the evolution of E-UTRA, e.g. to fulfillthe requirements on IMT-Advanced. Two major technology components whichare currently under consideration for LTE-A are described in thefollowing.

Carrier Aggregation in LTE-A for Support of Wider Bandwidth

In carrier aggregation, two or more component carriers (componentcarriers) are aggregated in order to support wider transmissionbandwidths up to 100 MHz. All component carriers can be configured to beLTE Rel. 8/9 compatible, at least when the aggregated numbers ofcomponent carriers in the uplink and the downlink are the same. Not allcomponent carriers aggregated by a user equipment may necessarily beRel. 8/9 compatible.

A user equipment may simultaneously receive or transmit one or multiplecomponent carriers depending on its capabilities. A LTE-A Rel. 10 userequipment with reception and/or transmission capabilities for carrieraggregation can simultaneously receive and/or transmit on multiplecomponent carriers whereas an LTE Rel. 8/9 user equipment can receiveand transmit on a single component carrier only, provided that thestructure of the component carrier follows the Rel. 8/9 specifications.

Carrier aggregation is supported for both contiguous and non-contiguouscomponent carriers with each component carrier limited to a maximum of110 Resource Blocks in the frequency domain using the Rel. 8/9numerology. It is possible to configure a user equipment to aggregate adifferent number of component carriers originating from the same eNodeBand of possibly different bandwidths in the uplink and the downlink:

-   -   The number of downlink component carriers that can be configured        depends on the downlink aggregation capability of the user        equipment;    -   The number of uplink component carriers that can be configured        depends on the uplink aggregation capability of the user        equipment;    -   It is not possible to configure a user equipment with more        uplink component carriers than downlink component carriers;    -   In typical TDD deployments, the number of component carriers and        the bandwidth of each component carrier in uplink and downlink        is the same.

Component carriers originating from the same eNodeB need not to providethe same coverage.

The spacing between centre frequencies of contiguously aggregatedcomponent carriers shall be a multiple of 300 kHz. This is in order tobe compatible with the 100 kHz frequency raster of Rel. 8/9 and at thesame time preserve orthogonality of the subcarriers with 15 kHz spacing.Depending on the aggregation scenario, the n×300 kHz spacing can befacilitated by insertion of a low number of unused subcarriers betweencontiguous component carriers.

The nature of the aggregation of multiple carriers is only exposed up tothe MAC layer. For both uplink and downlink there is one HARQ entityrequired in MAC for each aggregated component carrier. There is (in theabsence of SU-MIMO—Single User Multiple Input Multiple Output—foruplink) at most one transport block per component carrier. A transportblock and its potential HARQ retransmissions need to be mapped on thesame component carrier. The Layer 2 structure with activated carrieraggregation is shown in FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 for the downlink and uplinkrespectively.

When carrier aggregation is configured, the user equipment only has oneRRC connection with the network. At RRC connectionestablishment/re-establishment, one cell provides the security input(one ECGI, one PCI and one ARFCN) and the non-access stratum mobilityinformation (e.g. TAI) similarly as in LTE Rel. 8/9. After RRCconnection establishment/re-establishment, the component carriercorresponding to that cell is referred to as the downlink Primary Cell(PCell). There is always one and only one downlink PCell (DL PCell) andone uplink PCell (UL PCell) configured per user equipment in connectedmode. Within the configured set of component carriers, other cells arereferred to as Secondary Cells (SCells). The characteristics of thedownlink and uplink PCell are:

-   -   The uplink PCell is used for transmission of Layer 1 uplink        control information    -   The downlink PCell cannot be de-activated    -   Re-establishment is triggered when the downlink PCell        experiences Rayleigh fading (RLF), not when downlink SCells        experience RLF    -   The downlink PCell cell can change with handover    -   Non-access stratum information is taken from the downlink PCell.

The reconfiguration, addition and removal of component carriers can beperformed by RRC. At intra-LTE handover, RRC can also add, remove, orreconfigure component carriers for usage in the target cell. When addinga new component carrier, dedicated RRC signaling is used for sendingcomponent carriers' system information which is necessary for componentcarrier transmission/reception (similarly as in LTE Rel. 8/9 forhandover).

When carrier aggregation is configured, a user equipment may bescheduled over multiple component carriers simultaneously, but at mostone random access procedure should be ongoing at any time. Cross-carrierscheduling allows the Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH) of acomponent carrier to schedule resources on another component carrier.For this purpose a component carrier identification field (CIF) isintroduced in the respective Downlink Control Information (DCI) formats.A linking between uplink and downlink component carriers allowsidentifying the uplink component carrier for which the grant applieswhen there is no-cross-carrier scheduling. The linkage of downlinkcomponent carriers to uplink component carriers does not necessarilyneed to be one to one. In other words, more than one downlink componentcarrier can link to the same uplink component carrier. At the same time,a downlink component carrier can only link to one uplink componentcarrier.

(De)Activation of a Component Carrier and DRX Operation

In carrier aggregation, whenever a user equipment is configured withonly one component carrier, LTE Rel. 8/9 discontinuous reception (DRX)applies. In other cases, the same DRX operation applies to allconfigured and activated cells, respectively component carriers (i.e.identical active time for PDCCH monitoring). When in active time, anycomponent carrier may always schedule Physical Downlink Shared Channel(PDSCH) on any other configured and activated component carrier (furtherrestrictions are free for study).

To enable reasonable user equipment battery consumption when carrieraggregation is configured, a component carrier activation/deactivationmechanism for downlink SCells is introduced (i.e.activation/deactivation does not apply to the PCell). When a downlinkSCeII is not active, the user equipment does not need to receive thecorresponding PDCCH or PDSCH, nor is it required to perform CQImeasurements (CQI is short for Channel Quality Indicator). Conversely,when a downlink SCeII is active, the user equipment shall receive PDSCHand PDCCH (if present), and is expected to be able to perform CQImeasurements. In the uplink however, a user equipment is always requiredto be able to transmit on PUSCH on any configured uplink componentcarrier when scheduled on the corresponding PDCCH (i.e. there is noexplicit activation of uplink component carriers).

Other details of the activation/deactivation mechanism for SCells are:

-   -   Explicit activation of downlink SCells is done by MAC signaling;    -   Explicit deactivation of downlink SCells is done by MAC        signaling;    -   Implicit deactivation of downlink SCells is also possible;    -   downlink SCells can be activated and deactivated individually,        and a single activation/deactivation command can        activate/deactivate a subset of the configured downlink SCells;    -   SCells added to the set of configured component carriers are        initially “deactivated”.

Uplink Power Control for Carrier Aggregation

Even though most details of the uplink power control algorithm for thecarrier aggregation case are still open or under discussion in the 3GPPworking groups, the general agreement is that LTE-A Rel. 10 supportscomponent carrier specific uplink power control, i.e. there will be oneindependent power control loop for each uplink component carrierconfigured for the user equipment. Furthermore it was decided that powerheadroom should be reported per-component carrier. In case of powerlimitation, i.e. UE transmission power is exceeding the total maximum UEtransmit power, the following power scaling is applied.

For power scaling, the PUCCH power should be prioritized and theremaining power may be used by PUSCH (i.e. PUSCH power is scaled downfirst, maybe to zero). Further, a PUSCH with uplink control information(UCI) is prioritized over PUSCH without UCI, Additionally, equal powerscaling for PUSCH transmissions without UCI is considered.

As each component carrier can be assumed to have its own power controlloop and each transport block on each component carrier is transmittedwith a power individually set for the component carrier, power headroomreporting should be performed per component carrier. Since carrieraggregation can be seen as a multiplication of several LTE Rel. 8/9(component) carriers, it can be assumed that also the power headroomreporting on the individual component carriers will reuse the LTE Rel.8/9 power headroom reporting procedures.

Hence each user equipment transmits power headroom reports for eachcomponent carrier on that component carrier. This means that eachcomponent carrier that has an uplink transmission in a specificsub-frame could also transmit a power headroom report given that theconditions for sending such a report are fulfilled.

Power headroom reporting as know form LTE Rel. 8/9 is controlled,respectively triggered on a component carrier basis (by employingdifferent timers). Applying this concept to the individual componentcarriers of a system utilizing carrier aggregation, this means that italmost never happens that within one sub-frame each of the componentcarriers with an uplink transmission is transmitting a power headroomreport. Hence, even if the timers relating to power headroom reporting(the periodicPHR timer and the prohibitPHR timer) are set to the samevalues for all component carriers, synchronous power headroom reports onall component carriers within a sub-frame will only happen by chance.

FIG. 10 shows exemplary power headroom reporting in a LTE-A system,assuming that the power headroom reporting of LTE Rel. 8/9 is applied toeach of the exemplary three component carriers (CoCa1 to CoCa3). At T₁,there is an uplink assignment on all three component carriers and anuplink transport block, respectively MAC PDU, including a power headroomreport for the respective component carrier is sent on each componentcarrier. As there is a per-component carrier (per-CC) power headroomreport for each component carrier, the eNodeB is informed on the userequipment's power status. Furthermore, the respective timersperiodicPHR-Timer and prohibitPHR-Timer are restarted for each componentcarrier. For component carriers CoCa2 and CoCa3, it is assumed thatafter expiry of the periodicPHR-Timer there is no uplink allocation inthe next sub-frame, so that no periodic power headroom report can besent immediately. Hence at T₂, the user equipment transmits a transportblock/MAC PDU with a power headroom report only on component carrierCoCa1. As there is only a resource assignment on component carrierCoCa1, the eNodeB may again conclude on the user equipment's powerstatus from the per-CC power headroom report at T₂.

However at T₃, T₄, and T₅, only some transport blocks/PDUs of thecomponent carriers within a sub-frame carry a power headroom report.Regarding the power headroom report on component carrier CoCa3 at T. Apath-loss change on component carrier CoCa3 is assumed to trigger thepower headroom report, but at the time of the path-loss change none ofthe component carriers with uplink transmissions (i.e. componentcarriers CoCa1 and CoCa2) have a power headroom report included.Therefore, T₃, T₄, and T₅, the eNodeB is not aware of the actualtransmit power spend on the uplink transmissions within the respectivesub-frames.

Furthermore, in LTE Rel.10 within the scope of carrier aggregation thereare two maximum power limits, a total maximum UE transmit powerP_(CNMAX) and a component carrier-specific maximum transmit powerP_(CMAC,c). 3GPP RAN4 working group already indicated that both(nominal) maximum transmit power per user equipment P_(CNMAX) and the(nominal) maximum component carrier-specific transmit power P_(CMAC,c)should be the same regardless of the number of carriers supported, inorder not to affect the link budget of a carrier aggregation capableuser equipment in the single carrier operation mode.

Different to LTE Rel. 8/9, in LTE-A Rel. 10 the user equipment has alsoto cope with simultaneous PUSCH-PUCCH transmission, multi-clusterscheduling, and simultaneous transmission on multiple componentcarriers, which requires larger MPR values and also causes a largervariation of the applied MPR values compared to 3GPP Rel. 8/9.

It should be noted that the eNodeB does not have knowledge of the powerreduction applied by the user equipment on each component carrier, sincethe actual power reduction depends on the type of allocation, thestandardized MPR value and also on the user equipment implementation.Therefore eNodeB doesn't know the component carrier-specific maximumtransmission power relative to which the user equipment calculates thepower headroom. In LTE Rel. 8/9 for example the user equipment maximumtransmit power P_(CNMAX) can be within some certain range as describedabove (P_(CMAX_L)≤P_(CMAX)≤P_(CMAX_H)).

Due to the reduction of the component carrier-specific maximumtransmission power P_(CMAC,c), which is not known to eNodeB as explainedabove, the eNodeB cannot really know how close a user equipment isoperating to its total maximum transmission power P_(CNMAX). Thereforethere might be situations where user equipment is exceeding the totaluser equipment maximum transmission power P_(CNMAX) which would hencerequire power scaling. FIG. 26 shows an exemplary scenario where userequipment is power limited, i.e. applying power scaling on componentcarriers CC #1 and CC #2 configured in the uplink. Even though the userequipment is power limited, the component carrier-specific powerheadroom reports according to the LTE definitions indicate sufficientlylarge power headroom.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

One object of the invention is to propose procedures that allow theeNodeB to recognize the power usage status of a user equipment in amobile communication system using carrier aggregation.

The object is solved by the subject matter of the independent claims.Advantageous embodiments are subject to the dependent claims.

A first aspect of the invention is to enable to user equipment toindicate to the eNodeB when it is potentially becoming power limited oris power limited, i.e. when being close to using its total maximum UEtransmit power (also referred to as “user equipment's total maximumtransmit power”, “total maximum UE transmit power of the user equipment”or “user equipment's total maximum UE transmit power” in the following)or the resource allocations and power control commands of the eNodeBwould require using a transmit power exceeding the total maximumtransmit power of the user equipment.

In line with this first aspect of the invention and in accordance with afirst exemplary implementation the user equipment uses an indicator inthe MAC protocol data units (MAC PDUs) of each sub-frame to signal tothe eNodeB, whether the user equipment applied power scaling to thetransmission (of the MAC PDUs) within the respective sub-frame. Theindicator(s) may be for example included in one or more MAC sub-headersof the MAC PDUs.

In an enhancement of the first exemplary implementation, an indicator isprovided for each configured (or alternatively for each active)component carrier in the uplink so as to allow the indication of the useof power scaling for individual component carriers in the uplink. Forexample, this may be realized by multiplexing respective indicators tothe MAC PDUs transmitted by the user equipment on the respectiveconfigured (or alternatively active) component carriers in the uplink,so that the indicator can be associated to the configured (oralternatively active) component carrier on which it is transmitted.

If the an indication of the power status of the user equipment should bemade prior to the user equipment actually reaching its total maximum UEtransmit power, a threshold value (e.g. a certain percentage) could bedefined relative to the total maximum UE transmit power, that whenexceeded, triggers the user equipment to set an indicator. In this case,when set, the indicator would indicate to the eNodeB that the userequipment is close to using the total maximum UE transmit power (i.e.exceeded the threshold value). Also this indicator may be signaled foreach configured uplink component carrier individually and may be forexample included in one or more MAC sub-headers of the MAC PDUs.

Still in line with the first aspect and according to another, secondexemplary implementation, if the user equipment needs to apply powerscaling to a transmission of MAC PDUs in a given sub-frame, the userequipment is transmitting in this sub-frame a power headroom report foreach configured (or alternatively for each active) uplink componentcarrier (also referred to as per-component carrier power headroomreport(s)) together with an indicator that the per-component carrierpower headroom report(s) are triggered by the estimated transmit powerrequired for transmitting the MAC PDUs within the given sub-frameexceeding the total maximum transmit power of the user equipment(alternatively, the indicator could also be interpreted as an indicationof power scaling having been applied to the transmissions within thegiven sub-frame by the user equipment due to this event).

Hence, in this second exemplary implementation, when the transmit powerrequired for a transmission of the MAC PDUs on uplink component carrierswithin the respective sub-frame will exceed a total maximum transmitpower of the user equipment, an aperiodic per-component carrier powerheadroom report for all the configured (or active) uplink componentcarrier(s) is triggered and sent by the user equipment. The indicationof the trigger for the per-component carrier power headroom report(s)may be for example included in a MAC-sub header of a MAC PDU carrying aper-component carrier power headroom report in a MAC control element.

This second exemplary implementation may also be modified so as tosignal an indication of the power status of the user equipment shouldprior to the user equipment actually reaching its total maximum UEtransmit power. Again, a threshold value (e.g. a certain percentage)could be defined relative to the total maximum UE transmit power, thatwhen exceeded, triggers the user equipment to send a power headroomreport for each configured uplink component carrier.

Furthermore, a power headroom report for each configured (oralternatively for each active) uplink component carrier may beoptionally sent together with an indication that the respective powerheadroom report was triggered by exceeding the total maximum transmitpower of the user equipment or a threshold relative thereto. Forexample, such indication could be comprised in a MAC sub-header of a MACcontrol element conveying a power headroom report for a configureduplink component carrier of the user equipment.

According to a further, third exemplary implementation in line with thefirst aspect of the invention, the user equipment is indicating to theeNodeB the amount of power reduction applied to the maximum transmitpower of a component carrier. Alternatively, instead of the powerreduction, the maximum transmit power of each configured uplinkcomponent carrier (after having applied the component carrier-specificpower reduction) could be signaled to the eNodeB.

The amount of power reduction may be for example signaled per configuredor per active uplink component carrier.

In one further example, the amount of power reduction applied to themaximum transmit power of a component carrier is signaled together witha power headroom report for each configured uplink component carrier tothe eNodeB.

The information on the user equipment's power status may be signaled inform of one or more MAC control elements that are comprised within theMAC PDU(s) of a given sub-frame. Furthermore, the signaled power statusinformation enables the eNodeB to derive the power status for each userequipment that is signaling its power status information. The schedulerof the eNodeB may for example take into account the power status of therespective user equipments in its dynamic and/or semi-persistentresource allocations to the respective user equipments.

In another fourth exemplary implementation in line with the first aspectof the invention, the user equipment is enabled to indicate to theeNodeB when it is potentially becoming power limited or is power limitedby defining a new MAC control element that is inserted by the userequipment to one or more protocol data units transmitted on respective(assigned) component carriers within a single sub-frame that isproviding the eNodeB with a corresponding indication.

Furthermore, in addition to the indication of the user equipmentapproaching its total maximum UE transmit power, the control elementinserted to the protocol data units may further indicate a per-userequipment (per-UE) power headroom. For example, the per-user equipmentpower headroom indicates the transmit power unused by the user equipmentwhen transmitting the protocol data units (including the MAC controlelement) within the sub-frame relative to the user equipment's totalmaximum UE transmit power.

The MAC control element may be inserted to the protocol data units of asub-frame. For example, the MAC control element may be inserted into oneof the protocol data units transmitted by the user equipment within thesub-frame or all of the protocol data units transmitted by the userequipment within the sub-frame.

In another exemplary, fifth implementation and in line with the firstaspect of the invention, the object is solved by the user equipmentsending per-component carrier power headroom reports for all assignedcomponent carriers within a single sub-frame when the user equipment ispotentially becoming power limited or is power limited, i.e. when beingclose to using its total maximum UE transmit power or the resourceallocations and power control commands of the eNodeB would require usinga transmit power exceeding the user equipment's total maximum UEtransmit power.

Another second aspect of the invention is to suggest a definition for aper-component carrier power headroom when reporting the power headroomin a mobile communication system using carrier aggregation in theuplink. According to one exemplary definition, per-component carrierpower headroom of a configured (or alternatively active) uplinkcomponent carrier is defined as the difference between the maximumtransmit power of the configured uplink component carrier and the useduplink transmit power.

The used uplink transmit power is the power used (or emitted) by theuser equipment for the transmission of the MAC PDUs within the givensub-frame.

The used uplink transmit power may also be referred to as thetransmitted PUSCH power. The used uplink transmit power is thereforeconsidering power scaling (if applied to the transmission). Therefore,the used transmit power may be different from the estimated transmitpower which is the transmit power required for a transmission of the MACPDUs on uplink component carriers within the respective sub-frame as aresult of the power control formula.

Alternatively, a power headroom of a configured uplink component carriermay be defined as the difference between the maximum transmit power ofthe configured uplink component carrier and an estimated PUSCH power.The PUSCH power is for example calculated by the power control formulafor the respective component carrier.

Furthermore, the maximum transmit power of the (configured) uplinkcomponent carrier may take into according a power reduction due tosimultaneous transmissions on another or other uplink component carriersin the sub-frame.

Optionally, the power headroom reports are sent for active uplinkcomponent carriers of the user equipment only.

The per-component carrier power headroom according to the second aspectof the invention may be provided in form of a per-component carrierpower headroom report. The per-component carrier power headroom reportis for example signaled in form of a MAC control element within a MACPDU. As mentioned above, the MAC control element carrying theper-component carrier power headroom report may be associated to a MACsub-header in a header section of the MAC PDU that can be furtheremployed to indicate that the per-component carrier power headroom istriggered by a power limited situation of the user equipment requiringpower scaling.

In all aspects of the invention and also in all embodiments andexemplary implementations described herein, the user equipment mayoptionally report only on configured component carriers that are active,which may be referred to as active component carriers (i.e. indicators,power headroom reports, etc. may only be signaled for active componentcarriers only). This may be for example advantageous, if theconfiguration and (de)activation of uplink component carriers of a userequipment can be controlled separately.

One embodiment of the invention relates to a method for informing aneNodeB on the transmit power status of a user equipment in a mobilecommunication system using component carrier aggregation. This methodcomprises the following steps performed by the user equipment for eachsub-frame where the user equipment makes a transmission in the uplink.The user equipment determines whether an estimated transmit powerrequired for a transmission of MAC protocol data units on the uplinkcomponent carriers within the respective sub-frame will exceed a totalmaximum transmit power of the user equipment. If so, the user equipmentperforms a power scaling of the transmit power to reduce the transmitpower required for the transmission of the MAC protocol data units suchthat it is no longer exceeding the total maximum transmit power of theuser equipment, and transmits the MAC protocol data units to the eNodeBwithin the respective sub-frame. The transmitted MAC protocol data unitscomprise an indicator that indicates to the eNodeB whether power scalinghas been performed by the user equipment for transmitting the MACprotocol data units in the respective sub-frame.

The indicator may be for example comprised within a MAC header of atleast one of the MAC protocol data units. For example, the indicator maybe a flag within one or more of the MAC sub-headers of a respective MACheader comprised in the at least one MAC protocol data unit.

Furthermore, in a more advanced exemplary embodiment of the invention,the power scaling may be performed for each configured uplink componentcarrier individually. For each uplink component carrier on which a MACprotocol data unit is transmitted, at least one MAC protocol data unittransmitted on the respective uplink component carrier comprises anindicator that indicates to the eNodeB whether power scaling has beenapplied to the transmission on the respective uplink component carrierwithin the sub-frame.

Another embodiment of the invention provides a further method forinforming an eNodeB on the transmit power status of a user equipment ina mobile communication system using component carrier aggregation.According to this embodiment, a user equipment determines whether anestimated transmit power required for a transmission of MAC protocoldata units on uplink component carriers within the respective sub-framewill exceed a total maximum transmit power of the user equipment. Ifthis is the case, the user equipment performs a power scaling of thetransmit power to reduce the transmit power required for thetransmission of the MAC protocol data units such that it is no longerexceeding the total maximum transmit power of the user equipment, andfurther triggers the generation of a power headroom report for eachconfigured uplink component carrier of the user equipment. The userequipment transmits the MAC protocol data units to the eNodeB within therespective sub-frame together with a power headroom report for eachconfigured uplink component carrier of the user equipment and anindication of the power headroom report(s) having been triggered by thetransmit power required for a transmission of MAC protocol data units onuplink component carriers exceeding the total maximum transmit power ofthe user equipment.

Furthermore, the user equipment may optionally further determine, inresponse to the trigger, a power headroom report for each configureduplink component carrier of the user equipment, wherein the powerheadroom for a configured uplink component carrier is defined as thedifference between the maximum transmit power of the configured uplinkcomponent carrier and the used uplink transmit power. Hence, thisdefinition of the power headroom considers power scaling.

Alternatively, or in addition thereto, the user equipment may determine,in response to the trigger, a power headroom report for each configureduplink component carrier of the user equipment, wherein the powerheadroom of a configured uplink component carrier is defined as thedifference between the maximum transmit power of the configured uplinkcomponent carrier and the estimated uplink transmit power on therespective component carrier. Therefore, this alternative definition ofthe power headroom is not considering power scaling.

Optionally, the power headroom according to both definitions above maybe determined by the user equipment for each configured uplink componentcarrier and may be provided to the eNodeB within a power headroomreport.

In a further exemplary embodiment of the method, the power reductionapplied to the maximum transmit power of a configured uplink componentcarrier that is determined by the user equipment considerstransmission(s) on other configured uplink component carrier(s) of theuser equipment within the sub-frame.

Moreover, according to another exemplary embodiment, the indication ofthe power headroom report(s) having been triggered by the estimatedtransmit power exceeding the total maximum transmit power of the userequipment is provided by setting a flag in a MAC sub-header for a MACcontrol element carrying at least one of the power headroom reports(s).For example, a MAC sub-header could be included in a header section ofthe MAC protocol data unit to which the MAC control element ismultiplexed for each MAC control element comprising a respective powerheadroom report. A flag in the MAC sub-header indicates that the powerheadroom report within the MAC control element has been triggered by theestimated transmit power required for a transmission of MAC protocoldata units on uplink component carriers within the respective sub-frameexceeding the total maximum transmit power of the user equipment.

In another exemplary embodiment, a further method for informing aneNodeB on the transmit power status of a user equipment in a mobilecommunication system using component carrier aggregation. Optionally,this method may be performed for each sub-frame where the user equipmentmakes a transmission in the uplink. According to the method, the userequipment determines whether an estimated transmit power required for atransmission of MAC protocol data units on the uplink component carrierswithin the respective sub-frame will exceed a total maximum transmitpower of the user equipment. If this is the case, the user equipmentperforms a power scaling of the transmit power to reduce the transmitpower required for the transmission of the MAC protocol data units suchthat it is no longer exceeding a total maximum transmit power of theuser equipment, and transmits the MAC protocol data units to the eNodeBwithin the respective sub-frame. The transmitted MAC protocol data unitscomprise at least one MAC control element indicating the amount of powerreduction applied to the maximum transmit power of the user equipmentfor the configured uplink component carriers.

Alternatively, the user equipment could signal the maximum transmitpower of the user equipment for the configured uplink componentcarriers, which may however imply more overhead in the signaling thansignaling the amount of power reduction at the same level ofgranularity.

Optionally, the MAC control element(s) indicating the amount of powerreduction for the configured uplink component carriers could be includedto the MAC PDUs within a sub-frame only, if the estimated transmit powerrequired for a transmission of MAC protocol data units on the uplinkcomponent carriers within the respective sub-frame will exceed the totalmaximum transmit power of the user equipment, i.e. if the user equipmenthas to apply power scaling.

In one more detailed exemplary embodiment of this method, it may beassumed that power scaling is performed for each configured uplinkcomponent carrier individually. For each uplink component carrier onwhich a MAC protocol data unit is transmitted, at least one MAC protocoldata unit transmitted on the respective uplink component carriercomprises a MAC control element that indicates the amount of powerreduction applied to the maximum transmit power of the respective uplinkcomponent carriers.

According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, in casethe estimated transmit power required for a transmission of MAC protocoldata units on the uplink component carriers within the respectivesub-frame will exceed the total maximum transmit power of the userequipment, the user equipment further generates a power headroom reportfor each configured uplink component carrier and transmits the powerheadroom reports together with the MAC protocol data units including theMAC control element for reporting the power reduction to the eNodeB.

According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, the userequipment signals the power reduction and a power headroom report forthe respective configured uplink component carrier in response to the(de)activation of an uplink component carrier or in response to apredefined change of the amount of power reduction applied to themaximum transmit power for a uplink component carrier.

In another embodiment of the invention, the format of the MAC controlelement signaling the amount of power reduction is identified by

-   -   a predetermined logical channel identifier defined for MAC        control elements signaling the amount of power reduction, or    -   a predetermined logical channel identifier defined for MAC        control elements signaling a power headroom report and one or        more flags, included in the MAC sub-header of the MAC control        element.

The different exemplary embodiments of the method for informing aneNodeB on the transmit power status of a user equipment may—according toanother embodiment of the invention—comprise the steps of receiving bythe user equipment at least one uplink resource assignment, wherein eachuplink resource assignment is assigning resources for the transmissionof at least one of the MAC protocol data units on one of the pluralcomponent carriers to the user equipment, and generating for eachreceived uplink resource assignment at least one of the MAC protocoldata units for transmission on the respective assigned componentcarrier. Each MAC protocol data unit is transmitted via a correspondingone of the component carriers according to one of the received resourceassignments (Please note that in case MIMO is used, two MAC PDUs may betransmitted via an uplink component carrier on which resources have beengranted to the user equipment). The generation of the protocol dataunits may be for example performed by executing a logical channelprioritization procedure.

In line with the second aspect of the invention and according to anotherexemplary embodiment of the invention, a MAC control element fortransmission from a user equipment to an eNodeB in a mobilecommunication system using component carrier aggregation is provided.According to this embodiment the MAC control element comprises a powerheadroom report for a configured uplink component carrier that reportsthe difference between the maximum transmit power of the configureduplink component carrier and a transmitted PUSCH power (or the useduplink transmit power).

In one example the transmitted PUSCH power P^(PS) _(PUSCH,c)(i) of thesub-frame i is defined by

P ^(PS) _(PUSCH,c)(i)=PSF_(c)·min{P _(CMAX,c),10 log₁₀(M_(PUSCH,c)(i))+P _(0_PUSCH,c)(j)+α_(c)(j)·PL _(c)+Δ_(TF,c)(i)+ƒ_(c)(i)}

where PSF_(c) is the power scaling factor applied for the respectiveconfigured uplink component carrier c.

Furthermore, in another exemplary embodiment of the invention, the MACcontrol element may further comprise a power headroom report of theconfigured uplink component carrier that reports the difference betweenthe maximum transmit power of the configured uplink component carrierand an estimated PUSCH power (or estimated uplink transmit power on therespective component carrier).

Still in line with the second aspect of the invention and according toan alternative exemplary embodiment of the invention, another MACcontrol element for transmission from a user equipment to an eNodeB in amobile communication system using component carrier aggregation isprovided. This MAC control element comprises a power headroom report ofthe configured uplink component carrier that reports the differencebetween the maximum transmit power of the configured uplink componentcarrier and an estimated PUSCH power.

In both embodiments of the MAC control element, the maximum transmitpower of the configured uplink component carrier considers a powerreduction due to transmission(s) on other configured uplink componentcarrier(s) of the user equipment.

Another exemplary embodiment of the invention is related to a MACprotocol data unit for transmission from a user equipment to a eNodeB ina mobile communication system using component carrier aggregation. TheMAC protocol data unit comprises a MAC control element including a powerheadroom report according to one of the different embodiments describedherein and a MAC sub-header. The MAC sub-header comprises an indicator,that when set, indicates to the eNodeB that the power headroom reporthas been triggered by the transmit power required for a transmission ofMAC protocol data units on uplink component carriers exceeding the totalmaximum transmit power of the user equipment.

Furthermore, the invention also relates to the realization of themethods for informing an eNodeB on the transmit power status of a userequipment in hardware and/or by means of software modules. Accordingly,another embodiment of the invention is related to a user equipment forinforming an eNodeB on the transmit power status of a user equipment ina mobile communication system using component carrier aggregation. Theuser equipment comprises a determination section that determines whetheran estimated transmit power required for a transmission of MAC protocoldata units on the uplink component carriers within the respectivesub-frame will exceed a total maximum transmit power of the userequipment. Furthermore, the user equipment comprises a power controlsection that performs a power scaling of the transmit power to reducethe transmit power required for the transmission of the MAC protocoldata units such that it is no longer exceeding the total maximumtransmit power of the user equipment, and a transmission section fortransmitting the MAC protocol data units to the eNodeB within therespective sub-frame. The transmitted MAC protocol data units comprisean indicator that indicates to the eNodeB whether power scaling has beenperformed by the user equipment for transmitting the MAC protocol dataunits in the respective sub-frame.

Another exemplary embodiment provides a user equipment for informing aneNodeB on the transmit power status of a user equipment in a mobilecommunication system using component carrier aggregation. The userequipment comprises a determination section adapted to determine whetheran estimated transmit power required for a transmission of MAC protocoldata units on uplink component carriers within the respective sub-framewill exceed a total maximum transmit power of the user equipment, and totrigger the generation of a power headroom report for each configureduplink component carrier of the user equipment, and further a powercontrol section adapted to perform a power scaling of the transmit powerto reduce the transmit power required for the transmission of the MACprotocol data units such that it is no longer exceeding the totalmaximum transmit power of the user equipment. Moreover, the userequipment includes a transmission section adapted to transmit the MACprotocol data units to the eNodeB within the respective sub-frametogether with a power headroom report for each configured uplinkcomponent carrier of the user equipment and an indication of the powerheadroom report(s) having been triggered by the transmit power requiredfor a transmission of MAC protocol data units on uplink componentcarriers exceeding the total maximum transmit power of the userequipment.

In further embodiment of the invention, the user equipment comprises adetermination section adapted to determine whether an estimated transmitpower required for a transmission of MAC protocol data units on theuplink component carriers within the respective sub-frame will exceed atotal maximum transmit power of the user equipment, and a power controlsection adapted to perform a power scaling of the transmit power toreduce the transmit power required for the transmission of the MACprotocol data units such that it is no longer exceeding the totalmaximum transmit power of the user equipment, and further a transmissionsection adapted to transmit the MAC protocol data units to the eNodeBwithin the respective sub-frame. The transmitted MAC protocol data unitscomprise at least one MAC control element indicating the amount of powerreduction applied to the maximum transmit power of the user equipmentfor the configured uplink component carriers.

Furthermore, according to another embodiment of the invention, the userequipment is adapted to perform the steps of the methods for informingan eNodeB on the transmit power status of a user equipment according toone of the various embodiments described herein.

Another embodiment of the invention provides a computer readable mediumstoring instructions that, when executed by a processor of a userequipment, cause the user equipment to inform an eNodeB on the transmitpower status of a user equipment for each sub-frame where the to betransmitted by the user equipment makes a transmission in the in theuplink within a mobile communication system using component carrieraggregation, by determining whether an estimated transmit power requiredfor a transmission of MAC protocol data units on the uplink componentcarriers within the respective sub-frame will exceed a total maximumtransmit power of the user equipment, and if so, performing a powerscaling of the transmit power to reduce the transmit power required forthe transmission of the MAC protocol data units such that it is nolonger exceeding the total maximum transmit power of the user equipment,and transmitting the MAC protocol data units to the eNodeB within therespective sub-frame. The transmitted MAC protocol data units comprisean indicator that indicates to the eNodeB whether power scaling has beenperformed by the user equipment for transmitting the MAC protocol dataunits in the respective sub-frame.

A computer readable medium of another embodiment of the invention isstoring instructions that, when executed by a processor of a userequipment, cause the user equipment to inform an eNodeB on the transmitpower status of a user equipment in a mobile communication system usingcomponent carrier aggregation, by determining whether an estimatedtransmit power required for a transmission of MAC protocol data units onuplink component carriers within the respective sub-frame will exceed atotal maximum transmit power of the user equipment, and if so,performing a power scaling of the transmit power to reduce the transmitpower required for the transmission of the MAC protocol data units suchthat it is no longer exceeding the total maximum transmit power of theuser equipment, and triggering the generation of a power headroom reportfor each configured uplink component carrier of the user equipment, andtransmitting the MAC protocol data units to the eNodeB within therespective sub-frame together with a power headroom report for eachconfigured uplink component carrier of the user equipment and anindication of the power headroom report(s) having been triggered by thetransmit power required for a transmission of MAC protocol data units onuplink component carriers exceeding the total maximum transmit power ofthe user equipment.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, a computer readablemedium storing instructions is provided. The instructions, when executedby a processor of a user equipment, cause the user equipment to informan eNodeB on the transmit power status of a user equipment for eachsub-frame where the to be transmitted by the user equipment makes atransmission in the in the uplink within a mobile communication systemusing component carrier aggregation, by determining whether an estimatedtransmit power required for a transmission of MAC protocol data units onthe uplink component carriers within the respective sub-frame willexceed a total maximum transmit power of the user equipment, and if so,performing a power scaling of the transmit power to reduce the transmitpower required for the transmission of the MAC protocol data units suchthat it is no longer exceeding the total maximum transmit power of theuser equipment, and transmitting the MAC protocol data units to theeNodeB within the respective sub-frame, wherein the transmitted MACprotocol data units comprise at least one MAC control element indicatingthe amount of power reduction applied to the maximum transmit power ofthe user equipment for the configured uplink component carriers.

Furthermore, according to another embodiment of the invention, thecomputer readable medium may further store instructions that whenexecuted cause the user equipment to perform the steps of the methodsfor informing an eNodeB on the transmit power status of a user equipmentaccording to one of the various embodiments described herein.

Another embodiment of the invention related to the first aspect of theinvention provides a method for informing an eNodeB on the power statusof a user equipment in a mobile communication system using componentcarrier aggregation. The user equipment determines whether an estimatedtransmit power required for transmitting protocol data units onrespective component carriers within a sub-frame will exceed a thresholdvalue relative to a total maximum UE transmit power of the userequipment. If the threshold value is exceeded, the user equipmentmultiplexes a MAC control element to the protocol data units andtransmits the protocol data units including the MAC control element tothe eNodeB within the sub-frame. The MAC control element indicates tothe eNodeB that the transmit power spent by the user equipment fortransmitting the generated protocol data units on uplink exceeded thethreshold value, i.e. is reporting the power headroom per-userequipment. The threshold value may be for example defined as apercentage of the maximum the user equipment is allowed to use.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the MAC controlelement provides the eNodeB with a per-user equipment power headroomrelative to all uplink protocol data units transmitted in the sub-frame.For example, in a 3GPP-based communication system such as LTE-Advanced,the per-user equipment power headroom could account for alltransmissions on a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) and a physicaluplink control channel (PUCCH) within the sub-frame.

In another embodiment of the invention, at least one uplink resourceassignment is received, wherein each uplink resource assignment isassigning resources for the transmission of one of the protocol dataunits on one of the plural component carriers to the user equipment. Foreach received uplink resource assignment a protocol data unit isgenerated for transmission on the respective assigned component carrier.Each protocol data unit is transmitted via a corresponding one of thecomponent carriers according to one of the received resourceassignments.

According another embodiment of the invention, generating for eachreceived uplink resource assignment a protocol data unit comprises saidmultiplexing of the MAC control element to at least one of said protocoldata units.

In a further embodiment of the invention the MAC control element ismultiplexed to one of the protocol data units or to each of the protocoldata units. The protocol data units may be for example generated byexecuting a joint logical channel prioritization procedure.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the componentcarriers each have a priority, and the MAC control element ismultiplexed to the protocol data unit to be transmitted on the highestpriority component carrier for which a resource assignment has beenreceived.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the component carrierseach have a priority, and the MAC control element is multiplexed to theprotocol data unit to be transmitted on the component carrier achievingthe lowest block error rate, having the largest power headroom orexperiencing the best channel quality, and for which a resourceassignment has been received.

With regard to a further embodiment of the invention, the estimatedtransmit power is estimated based on the resource assignments for theprotocol data units to be transmitted in the sub-frame and the status ofa transmit power control function.

According to further embodiment of the invention radio resource controlsignaling is received from the eNodeB indicating said threshold value asa percentage of the maximum the user equipment is allowed to use. Thethreshold value is configured according to the indicated percentage.

Another embodiment of the invention provides another alternative methodfor informing an eNodeB on the power status of a user equipment in amobile communication system using component carrier aggregation.Protocol data units are transmitted in each of a predetermined number ofsuccessive sub-frames (monitoring period) from the user equipment to theeNodeB. At the user equipment a MAC control element is multiplexed tothe protocol data units of the last sub-frame of said predeterminednumber of successive sub-frames transmitted by the user equipment, ifone of the following conditions is met:

-   -   the transmit power required for transmitting the protocol data        units in each of the successive sub-frames exceeds a threshold        value relative to the user equipment's total maximum UE transmit        power, or    -   the transmit power required for transmitting protocol data units        in a subset of sub-frames of said successive sub-frames exceeds        a threshold value relative to the user equipment's total maximum        UE transmit power, or    -   the average transmit power required for transmitting the        protocol data units in said successive sub-frames exceeds a        threshold value relative to the user equipment's total maximum        UE transmit power.

The MAC control element thus indicates to the eNodeB that the respectivecondition was met.

In a further embodiment of the invention the number of sub-frames ofsaid subset is configured by RRC control signaling received at the userequipment from the eNodeB or is predefined.

According to another embodiment of the invention, a MAC control elementfor transmission from a user equipment to a eNodeB in a mobilecommunication system using component carrier aggregation is provided.The MAC control element comprises a power headroom field consisting of apredetermined number of bits for comprising a per-user equipment powerheadroom with respect to all uplink transmissions of the user equipmenton a plurality of component carriers within a sub-frame containing theMAC control element, relative to the total maximum UE transmit power ofthe user equipment.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the MAC controlelement comprises a component carrier indicator field for indicating

-   -   the number of component carrier for which the user equipment has        received resource assignments, or    -   a bitmap indicating the component carriers for which the user        equipment has received resource assignments.

In another embodiment of the invention, the power headroom fieldcomprises either said per-user equipment power headroom or aper-component carrier power headroom. The MAC control element comprisesa component carrier indicator field that is indicating whether the powerheadroom field comprises said per-user equipment power headroom or saidper-component carrier power headroom.

An additional embodiment of the invention provides a MAC protocol dataunit for transmission from a user equipment to a eNodeB in a mobilecommunication system using component carrier aggregation. The MACprotocol data unit comprises a MAC sub-header and a MAC control elementaccording to one of the embodiments thereof described herein. The MACsub-header comprises a logical channel identifier (LCID) that isindicating the content and format of said MAC control element.

According to another embodiment of the invention, a user equipment isprovided for informing a eNodeB on the power status of a user equipmentin a mobile communication system using component carrier aggregation. Andetermining section of the user equipment determines whether anestimated transmit power required for transmitting protocol data unitson respective component carriers within a sub-frame will exceed athreshold value relative to a total maximum UE transmit power of theuser equipment. A protocol data unit generation section of the userequipment multiplexes a MAC control element to the protocol data units,if the threshold value is exceeded. A transmitting section of the userequipment transmits the protocol data units including the MAC controlelement to the eNodeB within the sub-frame. The MAC control elementindicates to the eNodeB that the transmit power spent by the userequipment for transmitting the generated protocol data units on uplinkexceeded the threshold value.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention the MAC control elementprovides the eNodeB with a per-user equipment power headroom relative toall uplink protocol data units transmitted in the sub-frame.

For another embodiment of the invention a receiving section of the userequipment receives at least one uplink resource assignment. Each uplinkresource assignment is assigning resources for the transmission of oneof the protocol data units on one of the plural component carriers tothe user equipment.

A protocol data unit generation section of the user equipment generatesfor each received uplink resource assignment a protocol data unit fortransmission on the respective assigned component carrier. Thetransmitting section transmits each protocol data unit via acorresponding one of the component carriers according to one of thereceived resource assignments.

According to a further embodiment of the invention, the componentcarriers each have a priority, and a protocol data unit generationsection of the user equipment multiplexes the MAC control element to theprotocol data unit to be transmitted on the highest priority componentcarrier for which a resource assignment has been received.

With regard to another embodiment of the invention, the componentcarriers each have a priority, and a protocol data unit generationsection of the user equipment multiplexes the MAC control element to theprotocol data unit to be transmitted on the component carrier achievingthe lowest block error rate, having the largest power headroom orexperiencing the best channel quality, and for which a resourceassignment has been received.

In a further embodiment of the invention a power control section of theuser equipment performs power control, and the determining sectiondetermines the estimated transmit power based on the resource assignmentfor the protocol data units to be transmitted in the sub-frame and thestatus of a transmission power control section.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a receivingsection of the user equipment receives radio resource control signalingfrom the eNodeB indicating said threshold value as a percentage of themaximum the user equipment is allowed to use. A configuration section ofthe user equipment configures the threshold value according to theindicated percentage.

A further embodiment of the invention provides a computer readablemedium storing instructions that, when executed by a processor of a userequipment, cause the user equipment to inform am eNodeB on the powerstatus of a user equipment in a mobile communication system usingcomponent carrier aggregation. This is done as follows. It is determinedwhether an estimated transmit power required for transmitting protocoldata units on respective component carriers within a sub-frame willexceed a threshold value relative to a total maximum UE transmit powerof the user equipment. If the threshold value is exceeded, a MAC controlelement is multiplexed to the protocol data units. The protocol dataunits including the MAC control element are transmitted to the eNodeBwithin the sub-frame. The MAC control element indicates to the eNodeBthat the transmit power spent by the user equipment for transmitting thegenerated protocol data units on uplink exceeded the threshold value.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

In the following the invention is described in more detail in referenceto the attached figures and drawings. Similar or corresponding detailsin the figures are marked with the same reference numerals.

FIG. 1 shows an exemplary architecture of a 3GPP LTE system,

FIG. 2 shows an exemplary overview of the overall E-UTRAN architectureof LTE,

FIGS. 3 and 4 show an exemplary localized allocation and distributedallocation of the uplink bandwidth in a single carrier FDMA scheme,

FIG. 5 shows an exemplary SAE Bearer Architecture,

FIG. 6 shows the format of an exemplary MAC PDU,

FIG. 7 shows the format of a MAC control element for reporting aper-component carrier power headroom (PH),

FIG. 8 shows a flow chart of an exemplary operation of a user equipmentaccording to one embodiment of the invention in line with the firstaspect of the invention,

FIG. 9 shows a flow chart of an exemplary operation of a user equipmentaccording to one embodiment of the invention in line with the firstaspect of the invention,

FIG. 10 shows power headroom reporting in a LTE-A system, where theknown power headroom reporting of LTE Rel. 8/9 is employed for eachcomponent carrier individually,

FIG. 11 shows power headroom reporting in a LTE-A system according to anembodiment of the invention, where the exemplary operation of a userequipment according to FIG. 8 is employed,

FIG. 12 shows an exemplary power headroom reporting in a LTE-A systemaccording to an embodiment of the invention, where the exemplaryoperation of a user equipment according to FIG. 9 is employed,

FIG. 13 shows another exemplary power headroom reporting in a LTE-Asystem according to a further embodiment of the invention, where theexemplary operation of a user equipment according to FIG. 9 is employed,

FIG. 14 to 16 show different formats of a power-limit MAC CE accordingto different embodiments of the invention in line with the first aspectof the invention,

FIG. 17 shows an exemplary structure of a MAC PDU according to anembodiment of the invention, wherein the MAC PDU contains three PHR MACCEs and corresponding sub-headers reporting on the power headroom ofthree assigned component carriers within a single sub-frame,

FIG. 18 show an exemplary MAC CE format (“multiple PHR MAC CE”)according to an embodiment of the invention in line with the firstaspect of the invention, allowing to report multiple power headroomreports in a single MAC CE,

FIGS. 19 & 20 show the Layer 2 structure with activated carrieraggregation for the downlink and uplink respectively,

FIG. 21 shows a flow chart of an exemplary operation of a user equipmentaccording to one embodiment of the invention in line with the firstaspect of the invention, where a power scaling flag is used to signalindicate a power limit situation of the user equipment to the eNodeB,

FIG. 22 shows a flow chart of an exemplary operation of a user equipmentaccording to one embodiment of the invention in line with the firstaspect of the invention, where a power status flag(s) and per-CC powerheadroom report(s) are signaled to the eNodeB for indicating a powerlimit situation of the user equipment,

FIG. 23 shows a flow chart of an exemplary operation of a user equipmentaccording to one embodiment of the invention in line with the firstaspect of the invention, where an per-CC amount of power reduction andper-CC power headroom reports are signaled to the eNodeB for indicatinga power limit situation of the user equipment,

FIG. 24 shows a flow chart of an exemplary operation of a user equipmentaccording to one embodiment of the invention in line with the firstaspect of the invention, where an per-CC amount of power reduction andper-CC power headroom reports are signaled to the eNodeB for indicatinga power limit situation of the user equipment.

FIG. 25 shows exemplary scenarios for a UE transmission power status andcorresponding power headroom, resulting in positive and negative powerheadrooms,

FIG. 26 shows an exemplary scenario where user equipment is powerlimited, i.e. applying power scaling on component carriers CC #1 and CC#2 configured in the uplink,

FIGS. 27 & 28 show the definition of a per-component carrier powerheadroom according to different embodiments of the invention,

FIG. 29 shows an exemplary structure of a MAC PDU according to anembodiment of the invention, wherein Power Scaling (PS) flags areincluded in the MAC sub-headers of the MAC PDU,

FIG. 30 shows an exemplary structure of a MAC sub-header for a per-CCPHR MAC CE according to an embodiment of the invention, wherein the MACsub-header comprises a flag (PS flag) to indicate that the powerheadroom report was triggered by a power limit situation of the userequipment,

FIG. 31 shows an exemplary structure of a MAC PDU according to anembodiment of the invention, wherein the MAC PDU contains three PHR MACCEs and corresponding sub-headers reporting on the power headroom ofthree configured component carriers within a single sub-frame, whereinthe MAC sub-headers include a flag to indicate that the power headroomreport was triggered by a power limit situation of the user equipment,

FIG. 32 shows a MAC CE according to an embodiment of the invention,wherein the MAC CE is indicating the amount of power reduction appliedto the corresponding uplink component carrier, and

FIG. 33 shows a MAC CE according to an embodiment of the invention,wherein the MAC CE is indicating the power scaling factor applied to thetransmission on the corresponding uplink component carrier.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following paragraphs will describe various embodiments of theinvention. For exemplary purposes only, most of the embodiments areoutlined in relation to an orthogonal single-carrier uplink radio accessscheme according to the LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) mobile communication systemdiscussed in the Technical Background section above. It should be notedthat the invention may be advantageously used for example in connectionwith a mobile communication system such as the LTE-Advancedcommunication system previously described, but the invention is notlimited to its use in this particular exemplary communication network.

The explanations given in the Technical Background section above areintended to better understand the mostly LTE-Advanced specific exemplaryembodiments described herein and should not be understood as limitingthe invention to the described specific implementations of processes andfunctions in the mobile communication network. Nevertheless, theimprovements proposed herein may be readily applied in thearchitectures/systems described in the Technical Background section andmay in some embodiments of the invention also make use of standard andimproved procedures of theses architectures/systems.

In the following exemplary description of the aspects and embodiments ofthe invention, it is assumed that the transmit power available foruplink transmissions in a user equipment (total maximum UE transmitpower) is not set per component carrier, but per user equipment. As aconsequence the power setting in one component carrier has influence onthe power setting in another component carrier. If user equipmentincludes only power headroom reports of some of the assigned componentcarriers, the eNodeB cannot determine how much power was actually spentby the user equipment for transmitting the sub-frame and if the userequipment still has power available to a transmission with increasedpower (i.e. there is a power headroom) in one of the followingsub-frames or if there were already problems and the user equipmentreached it's power limit, hence already transmitting on some of thecomponent carriers with less power than was demanded by eNodeB. The UEreaching its power limit means that the UE is utilizing or exceeding thetotal maximum UE transmit power it has available for uplinktransmission.

As mentioned earlier herein, one first aspect of the invention is toenable to UE to indicate to the eNodeB when it is potentially becomingpower limited or is power limited, i.e. when being close to using itstotal maximum UE transmit power (also referred to as “user equipment'stotal maximum transmit power”, “total maximum UE transmit power of theuser equipment” or “user equipment's total maximum UE transmit power” inthe following) or the resource allocations and power control commands ofthe eNodeB would require using a transmit power exceeding the userequipment's total maximum UE transmit power.

Please note that in this document, the transmission of (MAC) protocoldata units or transport blocks in a sub-frame means that there has beena resource allocation for a respective one of the protocol data units ona respective one of the component carriers usable by the user equipment.Usable means that the user equipment can be assigned resources on eachof these component carriers—however, the component carriers on which theuser equipment is allowed to transmit data (in form of protocol dataunits or transport blocks) within a given sub-frame is decided by thescheduler (e.g. implemented in the eNodeB) and is controlled by theresource assignments to the user equipment.

The usable (uplink) component carriers of a user equipment are alsoreferred to as configured (uplink) component carriers herein. In mostexamples herein, it is assumed that the configured component carriersare active, i.e. configured component carrier and active componentcarrier are synonyms. In this case, it can be assumed that the userequipment can be scheduled on the configured component carriers.Accordingly, the power status of the user equipment will be reported forcomponent carriers for which the user equipment can receive a resourceallocation from the scheduler, i.e. the configured component carriers(or available component carriers).

Please note that besides a configured/non-configured state of acomponent carrier, there may be optionally an additional active/inactivestate defined for a configured component carrier. In this case, the userequipment may receive a resource allocation for a component carrier thatis configured and active i.e. the user equipment is monitoring forresource assignments (e.g. PDCCH) allocating uplink resources on thoseconfigured respectively activated uplink component carriers. Theinvention may also be applied in systems where these two kinds of statesare distinguished, for example, where a component carrier may have thestates: non-configured, configured but inactive (“inactive”), andconfigured and active (“active”). In these systems, the power statusreporting for a user equipment according to one of the different aspectsdiscussed herein may be performed only for the active component carriersof the user equipment in the uplink. Further, for these type of systems,the configured component carriers mentioned in the different exemplaryembodiments of the invention herein would correspond to configured andactive component carriers (or active component carriers for short).

Furthermore, in this document, a transmission on an “assigned componentcarrier” refers to a transmission of a protocol data unit (MAC PDU) on acomponent carrier for which the user equipment has received a resourceassignment (also referred to as scheduling grant, grant (for short) orPDCCH).

In one exemplary implementation of the first aspect of the invention,the user equipment signals its uplink power status by means of anindicator to the eNodeB that is indicating whether the user equipmentapplied power scaling to the transmission power within the respectivesub-frame. The indicator may be provided for each configured or assignedcomponent carrier individually, i.e. the user equipment may includemultiple indicators to the protocol data units to indicate for eachassigned component carrier, whether the user equipment has scaled downthe transmission power for the transmission on the respective componentcarrier. For example, the indicator(s) may be transmitted by the userequipment in the protocol data units (MAC PDUs) of each sub-frame. Theindicator(s) may be for example included in one or more MAC sub-headersof the MAC PDUs.

In case the power status indicator should be provided per assignedcomponent carrier, the respective indicators may be for examplemultiplexed to the protocol data units (MAC PDUs) transmitted by theuser equipment on the respective assigned component carriers in theuplink, such that each of the indicators can be associated to arespective configured component carrier. For example, this may berealized by ensuring that the power status indicator for a givencomponent carrier is multiplexed to a protocol data unit (MAC PDU) thatis transmitted on the given component carrier.

If the an indication of the power status of the user equipment should bemade prior to the user equipment actually reaching its total maximum UEtransmit power (pro-active indication of the uplink power status), oneor more threshold values (e.g. certain percentage(s)) could be definedrelative to the total maximum UE transmit power, that when exceeded,trigger(s) the user equipment to set the power status indicator. Whenset, the indicator would indicate to the eNodeB that the user equipmentis close to using the total maximum UE transmit power (i.e. exceeded thethreshold value).

Optionally, the power status indicator and threshold value(s) could bedefined per configured or assigned component carrier individuallyrelative to the maximum transport power of the respective configuredcomponent carrier. Hence, the indicator may be signaled for eachconfigured assigned uplink component carrier individually and may be forexample included in one or more MAC sub-headers of the MAC PDUs.

In another, second exemplary implementation of the first aspect of theinvention the user equipment is transmitting a power headroom report foreach configured uplink component carrier (also referred to asper-component carrier power headroom report(s)), if the user equipmenthas to apply power scaling to a transmission of MAC PDUs in a givensub-frame in view of the resource allocations and power controlcommands. The per-component carrier (per-CC) power headroom report(s)are transmitted together with an indicator that the per-CC powerheadroom report(s) has/have been triggered by the estimated transmitpower required for transmitting the protocol data units within the givensub-frame exceeding the total maximum transmit power of the userequipment. Alternatively, the indicator could also be interpreted as anindication of power scaling having been applied to the transmissionswithin the given sub-frame by the user equipment due to this event.

Hence, in when the transmit power required for a transmission of theprotocol data units on uplink component carriers within the respectivesub-frame will exceed a total maximum transmit power of the userequipment, an aperiodic per-CC power headroom report for all configureduplink component carrier(s) is triggered and sent by the user equipment.The indication of the trigger for the per-CC power headroom report(s)being may be for example included in a MAC-sub header of a MAC PDUcarrying a per-CC power headroom report in a MAC control element.

This second exemplary implementation may also be adapted to pro-activelyreport the power status of the user equipment. Similar to the exampledescribed above, one or more threshold values may be defined relative tothe total maximum UE transmit power, that when exceeded, triggers theuser equipment to send a power headroom report for each configureduplink component carrier. If there is no grant available for a componentcarrier, the user equipment may for example calculate the power headroomfrom this component carrier based on some predefined uplink grant orrespectively predefined PUSCH power.

Furthermore, a power headroom report for each configured uplinkcomponent carrier may be optionally sent together with an indicationthat the respective power headroom report was triggered by exceeding thetotal maximum transmit power of the user equipment or a thresholdrelative thereto. For example, such indication could be comprised in aMAC sub-header of a MAC control element conveying a power headroomreport for a configured uplink component carrier of the user equipment.

According to a further, third exemplary implementation of the firstaspect of the invention, the user equipment reports to the eNodeB theamount of power reduction applied to the maximum transmit power of acomponent carrier.

Alternatively, instead of the power reduction for a component carrier,the effective maximum transmit power of the configured uplink componentcarrier after applying the component carrier-specific power reductioncould be signaled to the eNodeB.

The amount of power reduction may be for example signaled per configureduplink component carrier of the user equipment. If the power reductionfor a given component carrier is considering the transmissions on otherconfigured component carriers, the power reduction applied to thecomponent carriers might become equal (but not necessarily). In onefurther example, the amount of power reduction may be signaled togetherwith a power headroom report for each configured uplink componentcarrier to the eNodeB.

The information on the user equipment's power status may be signaled inform of one or more MAC control elements that are comprised within theMAC PDU(s) of a given sub-frame.

In another fourth exemplary implementation of the invention, a new MACcontrol element is defined to enable to UE to indicate to the eNodeBwhen it is potentially becoming power limited or is power limited. Thisnew MAC CE is inserted by the user equipment to one or more protocoldata units transmitted on respective (assigned) component carrierswithin a single sub-frame that is providing the eNodeB with acorresponding indication.

The MAC control element may be inserted to the protocol data units of asub-frame. For example, the MAC control element may inserted into one ofthe protocol data units transmitted by the user equipment within thesub-frame or all of the protocol data units transmitted by the userequipment within the sub-frame.

Furthermore, in addition to the indication of the user equipmentapproaching its total maximum UE transmit power, the control elementinserted to the protocol data units may further indicate a per-userequipment (per-UE) power headroom. For example, the per-user equipmentpower headroom indicates the transmit power unused by the user equipmentwhen transmitting the protocol data units (including the MAC controlelement) within the sub-frame relative to the user equipment's totalmaximum transmit power. Unlike the power headroom indicated in LTE Rel.8/9, the power headroom indicated in the MAC control element isconsidering the transmissions (protocol data units) on all assigned orconfigured component carriers (i.e. more than one component carrier)within the sub-frame and is therefore not a per-component carrier powerheadroom, but per-user equipment power headroom.

In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, this per-user equipmentpower headroom is not only taking into account the transmit powerrequired for the transmission of protocol data units via physical uplinkdata channels, but also the transmit power required for the transmissionof control signaling via physical control channels. In one more detailedimplementation is thus accounting for the transmit power required fortransmitting user data and control data (protocol data units) on theassigned or configured component carriers via the physical uplink sharedchannel (PUSCH) and the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH).

In a fifth exemplary implementation of the first aspect of theinvention, the user equipment sends per-CC power headroom reports forall assigned component carriers within a single sub-frame when the userequipment is potentially becoming power limited or is power limited,i.e. when being close to using its total maximum UE transmit power orthe resource allocations and power control commands of the eNodeB wouldrequire using a transmit power exceeding the user equipment's totalmaximum UE transmit power. Hence, the estimated transmit power exceedinga given threshold value or the total maximum UE transmit power, asapplicable, triggers the generation and transmission of per-CC powerheadroom reports within the sub-frame for which one of or both eventsoccurred.

Please note that according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention,the per-CC power headroom reports for all assigned or configuredcomponent carriers are transmitted on the respective assigned orconfigured component carriers to which they refer. In case of reportingon all configured component carriers, and in case resources are notgranted on all configured component carriers for the given sub-frame,the user equipment may assume a predefined resource allocation oralternatively predefined PUSCH power on those configured componentcarriers for which no uplink resource assignment is applicable in thegiven sub-frame.

In the exemplary fifth implementation, a potentially employed prohibittimer controlling the power headroom reporting on a respective one ofthe assigned component carrier may be overwritten/ignored, so that theper-CC power headroom reports can be sent in the instant sub-frame.

In an alternative exemplary embodiment of the invention, the per-CCpower headroom reports may also be transmitted within a single protocoldata unit on one of the assigned component carriers. In this example,the respective component carrier to which a respective per-CC powerheadroom report refers may be for example identified by including acomponent carrier identifier into the power headroom reports.Alternatively, there may be a new MAC control element defined (“allcomponent carrier power headroom report”) that is indicating the powerheadrooms of the assigned or configured component carriers orderedaccording to the priority of the component carriers to which they refer.

Furthermore, please note that in the first and the second aspect of theinvention, the decision of whether the user equipment is approaching (oris in) a power limit situation may be determined in different fashions.In one exemplary implementation, the user equipment determines (or morecorrectly estimates) the transmit power it will have to spend fortransmitting the protocol data units on the uplink component carrierswithin a sub-frame and compares the determined (or estimated) transmitpower to a threshold. This threshold may be for example a certainpercentage (e.g. in the range 80% to 100%) of the total maximum UEtransmit power. The transmit power required for transmitting theprotocol data units on the uplink component carriers may be for exampledetermined using a transmit power control formula. In other exemplaryimplementations, the user equipment determines (or more correctlyestimates) the transmit power it will have to spend for transmitting theprotocol data units on the assigned component carriers within asub-frame for a given number of successive sub-frames (i.e. a monitoringtime period) and decides based on criteria further outlined below,whether to include a MAC control element to indicate a power limitsituation to the protocol data units of the last sub-frame of saidmonitoring time period.

Independent on which of the different implementations of the firstaspect of the invention is used, the signaled power status informationenables the eNodeB to derive the power status for each user equipmentthat is signaling its power status information. The scheduler of theeNodeB may for example take into account the power status of therespective user equipments in its dynamic and/or semi-persistentresource allocations to the respective user equipments.

Another second aspect of the invention is to suggest a definition for aper-CC power headroom when reporting the power headroom in a mobilecommunication system using carrier aggregation in the uplink. Accordingto one exemplary definition, per-CC power headroom of a configureduplink component carrier is defined as the difference between themaximum transmit power of the configured uplink component carrier andthe used uplink transmit power. In a 3GPP system, the used uplinktransmit power may also be referred to as the transmitted PUSCH power.Alternatively the used uplink transmit power may additionally includethe transmitted PUCCH power.

As the used uplink transmit power is considering power scaling (ifapplied), it may be different from the estimated transmit power which isthe transmit power required for a transmission of the MAC PDUs on uplinkcomponent carriers within the respective sub-frame as a result of thepower control formula.

The used transmit power may therefore by considered to be equal to theproduct of the power scaling factor and the estimated transmit power. Incase no power scaling is applied (scaling factor=1) the two values ofthe transmit power are equal.

Alternatively, a power headroom of a configured uplink component carriermay be defined as the difference between the maximum transmit power ofthe configured uplink component carrier and an estimated transmit power.In a 3GPP system, the estimated uplink transmit power may also bereferred to as the estimated PUSCH power. The estimated uplink transmitpower respectively the estimated PUSCH power is for example calculatedby the power control formula for the respective uplink componentcarrier.

Furthermore, the maximum transmit power of the (configured) uplinkcomponent carrier may take into account a power reduction due tosimultaneous transmissions on another or other uplink component carriersin the sub-frame. The maximum transmit power of a configured uplinkcomponent carrier may thus not be the same as the total maximum UEtransmit power.

The per-CC power headroom according to the second aspect of theinvention may be provided in form of a per-CC power headroom report. Theper-CC power headroom report is for example signaled in form of a MACcontrol element within a MAC PDU. As mentioned above, the MAC controlelement carrying the per-CC power headroom report may be associated to aMAC sub-header in a header section of the MAC PDU that can be furtheremployed to indicate that the per-CC power headroom is triggered by apower limited situation of the user equipment requiring power scaling.

In the following different embodiments of the invention will beoutlined. It is assumed in these embodiments that the user equipment isoperated in a mobile communication system that is using carrieraggregation and that the user equipment is configured with pluralcomponent carriers, i.e. is capable of transmitting uplink data onplural component carriers simultaneously within individual sub-frames.Uplink transmissions are assumed to be scheduled by a scheduler by meansof resource assignments. The resources may be assigned on asemi-persistent or per-sub-frame/per-TTI basis. The scheduler is forexample implemented in the eNodeB.

Furthermore, it should be noted that the scheduler may assign one ormore (up to all) of the plurality of configured component carriers for agiven sub-frame and the user equipment is transmitting a respectivetransport block/protocol data unit on each assigned component carrier,i.e. each component carrier for which a resource assignment has beenreceived. Please note that when using MIMO in the uplink, two or moreprotocol data units may be transmitted in one sub-frame on one componentcarrier, the actual number of protocol data units per component carrierdepending on the MIMO scheme. Using the 3GPP terminology, the resourceassignments may also be referred to as grants or PDCCH. In addition, thethere may be a respective transmit power loop implemented per componentcarrier configured for the user equipment, i.e. the transmit powercontrol function implemented in the user equipment and the eNodeBperform transmit power control for each component carrier individually.

Moreover, in a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, a jointlogical channel prioritization procedure may be used for to thegeneration of the protocol data units for transmission within asub-frame. Different exemplary implementations of such joint logicalchannel prioritization procedure are described in the co-pendingEuropean patent application no. 09005727.4 (attorney's docket no.EP64934DKFH) and the co-pending European patent application no.09013642.5 (attorney's docket no. EP649341DKFH). The two European patentapplications will be referred to as Application 1 and Application 2 inthe following where appropriate.

a. Per-UE Power Headroom MAC CE

FIG. 8 shows a flow chart of an exemplary operation of a user equipmentaccording to one embodiment of the invention in line with the firstaspect of the invention. The user equipment receives 801 plural resourceassignments for a given sub-frame and estimates 802 the transmit power(ETP) required for uplink transmissions on assigned component carriersaccording to received resource assignments. In one exemplary embodimentof the invention, the transmit power is estimated by the user equipmentbased on the received resource assignments for the protocol data unitsto be transmitted in the sub-frame and the status of a transmit powercontrol function of the user equipment. For example, the user equipmentmay estimate the transmit power needed for each of the transport blocksdepending on which component carrier they are located on and based onthe state of the transmit power function of the component carrier. Theestimated transmit power is then the sum of the individual transmitpower for all assigned transport blocks.

Next, the user equipment determines 803, whether the estimated transmitpower (ETP) is exceeding a certain threshold value. In the example ofFIG. 8, this threshold is defined as a certain percentage P of the totalmaximum UE transmit power (MATP) of the user equipment. Please note thatthis would be equivalent to determining whether the ratio of theestimated transmit power (ETP) and the total maximum UE transmit power(MATP), is exceeding a threshold value, that would be equivalent to thepercentage P, i.e.

${\frac{ETP}{MATP} > P}.$

If the threshold value is not exceeded, the user equipment is not in apower limit situation, so that no report thereon needs to be signaled tothe eNodeB. Accordingly, the user equipment will next generate 804 theprotocol data units for transmission on the respective assignedcomponent carriers and transmits 805 the protocol data units (which arereferred to as transport blocks in the Physical layer) to the eNodeB viathe assigned component carriers. Please note that the generation of theprotocol data units can be for example implemented as described inApplication 1 or Application 2.

If the threshold value is exceeded, the user equipment determines 806the per-user equipment power headroom for all transmissions according tothe resource assignments. As outlined above, this per-user powerheadroom is determined for all protocol data units to be transmittedwithin the given sub-frame on the assigned component carriers. Theper-user equipment power headroom essentially indicates how muchtransmit power on top of what is to be used for transmitting theprotocol data units in the sub-frame (estimated transmit power) isremaining relative to the total maximum UE transmit power of the userequipment. Simplified, the power headroom (PH) indicates the differencebetween total maximum UE transmit power of the user equipment and theestimated transmit power, i.e. PH=MATP−ETP.

The user equipment further generates 807 a MAC control element that iscomprising the determined per-user equipment power headroom (“per-UEpower headroom MAC CE”) and provides the per-UE power headroom MAC CE toa protocol data generation section that generates 808 the protocol dataunits for transmission according to the resource assignments, similar tostep 804. However, in step 808 the per-UE power headroom MAC CE isincluded in this generation process, so that depending on theimplementation per-UE power headroom MAC CE is included in one of theprotocol data units or all of the protocol data units. Subsequently thegenerated protocol data units including the per-UE power headroom MAC CEare transmitted 809 to the eNodeB on the assigned resources.

FIG. 11 shows power headroom reporting in a LTE-A system according to anembodiment of the invention, where the exemplary operation of a userequipment according to FIG. 8 is employed. In most situations, theoperation is corresponding to the operation of the user equipment as hasbeen outlined with respect to FIG. 10 previously herein. In contrast toFIG. 10, it is assumed that at T the user equipment has received threeresources assignments for all three component carriers for the sub-frameat T₆, however the transmit power control function has is yielding again factor for the transmission that high that given the resourceallocation, the estimated transmit power exceeds the total maximum UEtransmit power (see step 803 of FIG. 8). Accordingly, in this case theuser equipment determines the per-UE power headroom and multiplexes theper-UE power headroom MAC CE (also referred to as power-limit MAC CE inthe following) to the protocol data unit transmitted on componentcarrier CoCa1. The scheduler in the eNodeB receiving the uplinktransmission can now detect based on the per-UE power headroom MAC CEthat the user equipment is in a power limit situation and can adapt thefurther scheduling and/or power control of the user equipmentaccordingly.

As apparent from the above, per-UE power headroom MAC CE may basicallyhave two functions. The first and most important function is that thesole reception of the per-UE power headroom MAC CE by eNodeB alreadyinforms eNodeB that a problem with the transmit power for the uplinktransmissions existed in the sub-frame. Secondly, the per-UE powerheadroom MAC CE may also be reporting the per-user equipment powerheadroom of the user equipment, thus yielding more detailed informationon the exact power situation in the user equipment to the eNodeB.

In one alternative exemplary implementation according to anotherembodiment of the invention, the user equipment is not immediatelyincluding a power-limit MAC CE to the protocol data units transmitted onthe uplink if the estimated transmit power exceeds the threshold. Forexample when the threshold is exceeded, instead of transmitting thepower-limit MAC CE immediately, the user equipment start monitoring theestimated transmit power for a certain number of sub-frames, i.e. for agiven monitoring period of sub-frames. Having monitored the given numberof sub-frames, the user equipment decides whether or not a power-limitMAC CE is to be included to the protocol data units to be transmitted inthe next sub-frame following certain criteria. Please note that thepower-limit MAC CE may for example be transmitted in the last sub-frametransmitted in the monitoring period, if the user equipment decides toinsert same.

These criterions may be for example:

-   -   Estimated transmit power of the uplink transmissions in each of        the sub-frames within the monitoring period was above a        threshold value.    -   Estimated transmit power of the uplink transmission in some of        the sub-frames within the monitoring period was above the        threshold. The number of sub-frame required for sending the        power-limit MAC CE at the end of the monitoring period is        configured by eNodeB per UE through RRC signaling or        alternatively can be set to a fixed value defined in the        specifications.    -   The average estimated transmit power of the uplink transmissions        in the sub-frames within the monitoring period was above the        threshold.

The monitoring of the estimated transmit power for a given time period,i.e. a certain number for sub-frames, has the advantage that thepower-limit MAC CE is not reported immediately when the threshold iscrossed, which may avoid unnecessary reporting of a power-limitsituation to the eNodeB if the threshold is exceeded only sporadically.However, since the power-limit MAC CE is indicating an emergencysituation to the eNodeB and countermeasures should be taken by eNodeBafter receiving the power-limit MAC CE, the drawback of introducing amonitoring period is the delay in the transmission of the power-limitMAC CE, once user equipment's transmit power has crossed the threshold.

In a further alternative embodiment of the invention, the user equipmentis configured with two thresholds. Also the second, “additional”threshold may be for example set by the eNodeB by RRC signaling. Thissecond threshold may for example also be a fraction of the total maximumUE transmit power of the user equipment, but is preferably higher thanthe first threshold. Similar to the exemplary embodiments discussedabove, the user equipment again determines for each sub-frame whetherthe estimated transmit power of a sub-frame exceeds the first threshold.If this is the case, i.e. the first threshold is exceeded for asub-frame, the user equipment starts monitoring the estimated transmitpower as described in the paragraphs above, for example for a givenmonitoring period. If the second threshold is exceeded by the estimatedtransmit power of a sub-frame within the monitoring period, the userequipment transmits a power-limit MAC CE within that sub-frame for whichthe estimated transmit power exceeded the second threshold was crossed.

In another alternative embodiment of the invention, the user equipmentis multiplexing the power-limit MAC CE to each of the protocol dataunits sent in the sub-frame via the assigned component carriers. Thismay be advantageous in that the reliability of the reception of thecontrol element by eNodeB is increased.

b. Reporting Format of the Per-UE Power Headroom MAC CE

The format for the per-UE power headroom MAC CE indicating a potentialpower limitation of the user equipment (“power-limit MAC CE”) could bebased on the LTE Rel. 8/9 MAC CE format used for power headroomreporting as exemplified in FIG. 7. The power headroom MAC CE consistsof 8 bits, i.e. one octet. The first two bits are reserved bits, and theremaining 6 bits indicate the power headroom. In one embodiment of theinvention, the format is maintained, but the 6 bit-field PH of the MACCE format shown in FIG. 7 includes the a per-UE power headroomdetermined by the user equipment (see for example step 806 of FIG. 8).Optionally, in one embodiment of the invention, the per-UE powerheadroom does not only transmissions on the PUSCH but also transmissionson the PUCCH is taken into account while calculating the per-UE powerheadroom.

In order to distinguish the power-limit MAC CE from a LTE Rel. 8/9 powerheadroom MAC CE, one of the two reserved bits (R) of the octet shown inFIG. 8, e.g. the highest bit in the octet, is used to differentiatepower headroom MAC CEs and power-limit MAC CEs (i.e. the per-UE powerheadroom CEs). For example, if the highest bit in the octet is set to 0,the MAC CE represents a power headroom report for that componentcarrier, i.e. a per-CC MAC CE reporting a power headroom for the givencomponent carrier—the per-CC MAC CE reporting on the power headroom isthus a component carrier-specific MAC control element. If the bit is setto 1, the reported power headroom is the per-UE power headroom of thepower-limit MAC CE. Please note that the power-limit MAC CE (i.e. theper-UE power headroom CE can be considered to be UE specific, so thatthe power-limit MAC CE can be considered a UE-specific MAC controlelement.

Please note that the differentiation of UE-specific and componentcarrier-specific MAC control elements may lead to a different treatmentand multiplexing of the MAC control element to the transport block (MACprotocol data units) as explained in Application 2.

When user equipment is sending a power-limit MAC CE, it may be ofadditional value to the eNodeB to acquire knowledge for which componentcarriers the user equipment actually received resource assignments(uplink grants) in order to know, if the user equipment obeyed alluplink grants correctly, or if it missed one or more of the uplinkgrants. This information allows the eNodeB to determine, if thepower-limit situation exists already for a situation where the userequipment did not even transmit on all the granted resources due havingmissed one or more of the uplink grants.

Therefore, in another embodiment of the invention, the another exemplaryformat for the power-limit MAC CE is proposed which is includinginformation on the component carriers for which uplink grants have beenreceived, respectively on the number of received uplink grants.

An exemplary format of the power-limit MAC CE according to anotherembodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 14. This power-limit MAC CEconsists of two fields, a first field CCI (Component Carrier Indicatorfield) and a second field PH (Power Headroom) for indicating the per-UEpower headroom. The power-limit MAC CE is again one octet long.

Assuming that there are five component carriers configured for the userequipment, a total of 2⁵=32 combinations of resource assignments arepossible. As the user equipment already indicates by sending data(including the power-limit MAC CE) via one of the five componentcarriers, it is apparent that the user equipment has received an uplinkgrant for this component carrier. Hence, 2⁴=16 combinations of resourceassignments remain for the four other configured component carriers,i.e. the CCI field would consist of 4 bits for signaling allcombinations (for example by indicating by means of a bitmap, for whichof the four other component carriers further uplink grants have beenreceived). Hence, the remaining four bits of the MAC CE format are leftfor the PH field, allowing differentiating 16 per-UE power headroomvalues. The component carriers other than the one on which the MAC CE issignaled, for which an uplink grant has been received may be for exampleindicated by means of a bitmap. The actual mapping of which bit in thebitmap represents which component carrier could be for exampleconfigured by eNodeB through RRC signaling or can be determined by apriority order of the component carriers, as for example outlined inApplication 1 and Application 2.

In another embodiment, another MAC CE format shown in FIG. 15 issuggested. The CCI field is only 3 bits in size, while the PH field has5 bits. This format may be considered a modification of the LTE Rel. 8/9power headroom report MAC CE format in FIG. 7 in that the two reservedbits (R) and one additional bit from the PH field are reused as the CCIfield. This implies of course reducing the granularity of the per-UEpower headroom values that can be reported from 6 to 5 bits.

As highlighted in FIG. 16 and as will be shown in Table 1 below, the MACCE format for reporting a per-UE power headroom as shown in FIG. 15allows for indicating the number of component carriers for which theuser equipment received an uplink assignment while also indicating thewhether the MAC control element is a LTE Rel. 8/9 power headroom MAC CEor a per-UE power headroom MAC CE, without requiring the assignment of anew logical channel identifier (LCID) to the new per-UE power headroomMAC CE but being able to also use the same LCID for a LTE Rel. 8/9 powerheadroom MAC CE and per-UE power headroom MAC CE. The eNodeB would haveto evaluate the first two bits of the control element to determinewhether a LTE Rel. 8/9 power headroom MAC CE or a per-UE power headroomMAC CE.

TABLE 1 CCi Field 1^(st) 2^(nd) 1^(st) bit of R bit R bit PH fieldMeaning 0 0 Highest bit of LTE Rel. 8/9 power headroom report 6 bit-PHfield 0 1 0 Per-UE power headroom report; UE has received 1 uplink grant1 0 0 Per-UE power headroom report; UE has received 2 uplink grants 1 01 Per-UE power headroom report; UE has received 3 uplink grants 1 1 0Per-UE power headroom report; UE has received 4 uplink grant 1 1 1Per-UE power headroom report; UE has received 5 uplink grants

If the first two bits are both set to 0, i.e. the reserved bits as shownin FIG. 7 are set to zero, the MAC control element is a LTE Rel. 8/9power headroom report as shown in FIG. 7.

In any other case, the MAC control element is a per-UE power headroomMAC CE. If the first two bits are not set to 0, the eNodeB needs to alsoevaluate the third bit within the octet, as the first three bits yieldthe number of uplink grants received by the user equipment. Theremaining five bits (see FIG. 15)—the PH field—indicate the per-UE powerheadroom value.

When user equipment has a power limit situation, one way the eNodeB mayreact to the reporting thereof by a power-limit MAC CE is to reduce thenumber of the component carriers on which the user equipment issimultaneously scheduled. It would be advantageous, if the userequipment assists the eNodeB in choosing on which of the componentcarriers resources should be scheduled to the UE. Accordingly, inanother embodiment of the invention, the power-limit MAC CE may be usedto not only signal the per-UE power headroom in a PH field, but to alsosuggest to the eNodeB for which component carriers the eNodeB shouldfurther send resource assignments. In one example, this is implementedin a similar fashion as described previously herein with respect to FIG.14. Instead of indicating the component carriers for which a uplinkgrant has been received, the four bits of the CCI field may be used tosignal a bitmap that indicates on which the component carriers (otherthan the one on which the power-limit MAC CE is received), the eNodeBshould continue to give grants on. Alternatively, the bitmap couldrepresent the component carriers the eNodeB should stop giving grantson.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the MAC CE as shown in FIG. 7is used for the per-UE power headroom reporting. One of the two reservedbits, e.g. the first reserved bit shown in FIG. 7 is used to identifywhether the MAC CE is a LTE Rel. 8/9 power headroom MAC CE or a per-UEpower headroom MAC CE. In both cases the PH field may be 6 bits andindicates a per-CC headroom as in LTE Rel. 8/9 or the per-UE powerheadroom. Furthermore, if the MAC control element is a per-UE powerheadroom MAC CE, the component carrier on which the control element hasbeen transmitted is the component carrier the user equipment issuggesting to the eNodeB for further resource assignments thereon.

As indicated above, the MAC control element formats discussed above withrespect to FIG. 7, and FIG. 14 to 16 have the advantage that—incomparison to LTE Rel. 8/9—no new logical channel identifier needs to beassigned for the per-UE power headroom reports. As shown in FIG. 6, aMAC PDU yields the format of the MAC control elements included in theMAC PDU payload by respective logical channel identifiers in thesub-header of the respective MAC control elements. In another embodimentof the invention a new logical channel identifier (LCID) is defined forindicating a per-UE power headroom MAC CE. Hence this embodiment of theinvention provides a MAC PDU comprising a sub-header (“per-UE powerheadroom MAC CE sub-header”) and the related MAC CE. The per-UE powerheadroom MAC CE sub-header comprises a LCID that is identifying therelated MAC CE being a per-UE power headroom MAC CE.

The format of the per-UE power headroom MAC CE may be again thatdescribed in one of the embodiments relating to FIG. 7, FIG. 14 or FIG.15 above, however, no indicating of a LTE Rel. 8/9 power headroom MAC CEmay need to be included in the format definition any more, as thedifferentiation of the LTE Rel. 8/9 power headroom MAC CE and per-UEpower headroom MAC CE is now achieved by means of the LCID in thesub-header of the MAC PDU.

c. Selection of the Component Carrier for Transmitting the Per-UE PowerHeadroom MAC CE

When user equipment include the power-limit MAC CE into the protocoldata units transmitted in the given sub-frame, the transmit power thatis available for UL transmissions is already critical. Therefore thetransport block of the most reliable component carrier needs to bechosen for the inclusion of the power-limit MAC control element.

The criterion for the selection of the most reliable component carriercan be based on the following conditions. One option would be to choosethe component carrier which is the “special cell”, i.e. the componentcarrier where the UE camps on and reads system information from. Anotheroption would be to choose from the set of component carriers with ULtransmissions the one with the best physical parameters. Parameterscould be for example the target BLER or the actual power headroom of acomponent carrier. Furthermore, if a priority ranking of the componentcarriers is already known to UE the UE could send the power-limit MAC CEalways on the component carrier with the highest priority.

d. Setting of the Threshold Value

In each sub-frame where user equipment has been assigned resources foruplink transmission in at least one of it's aggregated componentcarriers, the user equipment may calculate the transmit power needed tofulfill all uplink grants (resource assignments) in that sub-frame, i.e.determines the estimated transmit power required in this sub-frame. Asexplained above, a threshold may be configured relative to the totalmaximum UE transmit power which essentially indicates the maximumtransmit power the user equipment is allowed to (or able to) spend onall uplink transmissions on the component carriers in the givensub-frame.

The threshold may be, for example, configured by the eNodeB in relationto the total maximum UE transmit power. The threshold may be, forexample, set by eNodeB for each user equipment individually and thevalue of the threshold could be, for example, conveyed to respectiveuser equipments via RRC signaling. The threshold may be for example afractional value of (or percentage P) of the total maximum UE transmitpower. As outlined previously, in case the user equipment would needmore power for all uplink transmissions on the uplink component carriersthan defined by the threshold value or the total maximum UE transmitpower, an indication of user equipment's power status, e.g. apower-limit MAC CE, is included in the uplink transmissions of thesub-frame.

It should be noted that the user equipment's estimated transmit powermight not only cross the configured threshold but may be even above thetotal maximum available power of the user equipment. In the latter caseuser equipment is already in a severe power-limited situation and cannotfulfill all uplink resource assignments as demanded by eNodeB.

Furthermore, it should also be noted that according in all aspects andembodiments of the invention, the reporting of the user equipment'spower status does not necessarily need to be proactive, i.e. ETP>P·MATP,but that the threshold value may not be use (P=1). Basically, this meansthat the user equipment is triggered to report the power status when theestimated transmit power exceeds the total maximum US transmit power(i.e. ETP>MATP). In this case, the power status information (indicator,power-limit MAC CE, etc.) indicate whether, respectively, that the userequipment applied power scaling in the given sub-frame, while in case ofusing a threshold value the power status information may already besignaled prior to the user equipment having to use power scaling on theuplink component carriers.

e. Power Scaling Flag

According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention in line withthe first aspect of the invention, the user equipment is not sending anydetailed information to the eNodeB regarding its power status, butindicates to the eNodeB in each transmission, whether the user equipmentapplied power scaling to the transmissions in the uplink or not. Forthis purpose, one or more indicators may be comprised in the protocoldata units transmitted by the user equipment. This indicator is alsoreferred to as a power scaling flag. The power scaling flag may beprovided on one of the assigned component carriers or on all assignedcomponent carriers. For example, the power scaling flag to betransmitted on a given component carrier may be included to a protocoldata unit transmitted on the given assigned component carrier.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the power scaling flag isdefined in one of the two reserved/unused bits of a MAC PDU sub-headerknown from the LTE Rel. 8/9 sub-header format. If the power-scaling (PS)flag is set (e.g. =1) the estimated transmit power for the transmissionswithin a sub-frame has been scaled down, i.e. the estimated transmitpower exceeded the total maximum UE power. If the PS flag is not set(e.g. =0) the user equipment did not apply power scaling within thesub-frame.

Alternatively, if the PS flag is provided for individual configuredcomponent carriers, the flag indicates whether the transmit power, e.g.PUSCH power, for the respective configured component carrier has beenscaled down. For example, if uplink control information (UCI) ismultiplexed with a transport block (MAC PDU) for an assigned uplinkcomponent carrier in the physical layer, the transmission on thisassigned uplink component carrier may not be scaled down, although otherPUSCH transmission(s) on the other uplink componentcarrier(s)—comprising no uplink control information—are power scaled.

3GPP based system using carrier aggregation in the uplink, like LTE-A,the setting of the PS flag may indicate that the PUSCH power for thecorresponding transport block (MAC PDU) was scaled down due to powerlimitations. Consequently the bit set to zero indicates that no powerscaling was applied.

FIG. 29 shows an exemplary MAC PDU according to an embodiment of theinvention. Since there is one MAC PDU sub-header in a MAC PDU for everyMAC SDU (Service Data Unit) which contains RLC PDUs of a logical channel(identified by the LCID) which has data in the MAC PDU, the PS flagcould be set in any one of, all of or a sub-set of the MAC PDUsub-headers within a given MAC PDU. In principle it is sufficient, ifonly one of the MAC PDU sub-header, e.g. the first MAC PDU sub-header ofa MAC PDU contains a power-scaling flag (PS flag). This may simplify theprocessing of the MAC PDUs in the user equipment and eNodeB, as only onebit would need to be set in one of the MAC PDU sub-headers, respectivelyanalyzed by the eNodeB.

Furthermore as already mentioned before, it could be alternativelydefined that instead of setting the power scaling flag when being powerlimited, the flag could be set when the required uplink transmissionpower exceeds a certain predefined or signaled threshold of the maximumallowed transmission power.

According to another exemplary embodiment of the invention, per-CC powerheadroom reports for the configured or assigned component carriers maybe triggered, if the estimated transmit power for a given sub-frameexceeds the total maximum UE transmit power or a threshold relativethereto. This will be outlined in further detail below. In thisembodiment, the power status flag (or also referred to as power-scalingflag) is signaled together with the per-CC power headroom reports.Hence, a power status flag is provided in each MAC PDU sub-header forthe MAC CE comprising the per-CC power headroom for the respectiveassigned or configured component carrier. In this embodiment, the powerstatus flag may be thus considered as an indication that the per-CCpower headroom report signaled within the MAC CE of the MAC PDU for agiven assigned or configured component carriers has been triggered bythe estimated transmit power for the given sub-frame exceeded the totalmaximum UE transmit power or a threshold relative thereto. Alternativelythe power status flag could be signaled using one of the tworeserved/unused bits in the MAC control element containing the per-CCpower headroom report itself.

FIG. 30 shows an exemplary embodiment of a MAC PDU sub-header for apower headroom report MAC CE including a power status flag. In case theMAC PDU with the per-CC power headroom MAC CE for a configured componentcarrier is signaled on the respective assigned component carrier, noextra identification of the component carrier to which the per-CC powerheadroom MAC CE pertains.

In case the per-CC power headroom MAC CE is to be signaled for aconfigured component carrier for which there is no resource assignmentavailable in the given sub-frame the user equipment may for examplecalculate the power headroom from this component carrier based on somepredefined uplink grant or respectively predefined PUSCH power. Theper-CC power headroom MAC CEs for the configured component carrier maybe signaled in one MAC PDU on an assigned component carrier. FIG. 31shows an exemplary MAC PDU comprising per-CC power headroom MAC CEs forthree configured component carriers of a user equipment. IN thisexemplary embodiment, special logical channel IDs (LCIDs) are definedfor the respective component carriers, so as to be able to associate theper-CC power headroom MAC CEs with the respective component carrier theyrefer to.

FIG. 21 shows a flow chart of an exemplary operation of a user equipmentaccording to one embodiment of the invention in line with the firstaspect of the invention. The user equipment receives 2101 (similar tostep 801 of FIG. 8) plural resource assignments for a given sub-frameand estimates 2102 (similar to step 802 of FIG. 8) the transmit power(ETP) required for uplink transmissions on assigned component carriersaccording to received resource assignments. In one exemplary embodimentof the invention, the transmit power is estimated by the user equipmentbased on the received resource assignments for the protocol data unitsto be transmitted in the sub-frame and the status of a transmit powercontrol function of the user equipment as explained with respect to FIG.8 above.

Next, the user equipment determines 2103, whether the estimated transmitpower (ETP) is exceeding the total maximum UE transmit power (MATP orP_(CMAX)). If the total maximum UE transmit power is not exceeded, theuser equipment is not in a power limit situation, so that no powerstatus report thereon needs to be signaled to the eNodeB. Accordingly,the user equipment will next generate 2104 (similar to step 804 of FIG.8) the protocol data units for transmission on the respective assignedcomponent carriers. Please note that the generation of the protocol dataunits can be for example implemented as described in Application 1 orApplication 2. For example as part of this generation process of step2104, the user equipment further sets 2105 one or more indicator(s)—i.e.power scaling flag(s)—in the MAC PDUs to indicate that no power scalinghas been applied by the user equipment to the transmission of the MACPDUs generated in step 2104. For example, each MAC PDU may comprise arespective power scaling flag in one or more of the MAC PDU sub-headersfor a given assigned component carrier on which the MAC PDU's aretransmitted in step 2106.

In case the estimated transmit power exceeds the total maximum UEtransmit power in step 2103, the user equipment will next generate 2107(similar to step 2104 of FIG. 21) the protocol data units fortransmission on the respective assigned component carriers further sets2108 one or more indicator(s)—i.e. power scaling flag(s)—in the MAC PDUsto indicate that power scaling has been applied by the user equipment tothe transmission power, i.e. PUSCH power, of the MAC PDUs. For example,each MAC PDU may comprise a respective power scaling flag in one or moreof the MAC PDU sub-headers for a given assigned component carrier thatindicates whether the respective transmission power for transmission onthe component carrier has been scaled.

Furthermore, the user equipment performs 2109 a power scaling to reducethe transmission power to at least one of the assigned componentcarriers in order to reduce the overall transmit power for thetransmissions on the assigned component carriers below (or equal to) themaximum UE transmit power. As explained above, no power scaling may beapplied to the transmission on a component carrier, if for exampleuplink control information is transmitted on this component carriertogether with the MAC PDU in a given sub-frame, i.e. also referred to asPUSCH with UCI as explained above. The MAC PDUs are then transmitted2110 on the respective assigned uplink component carriers using thereduced transmit power.

Please note that the order of the steps 2107 to 2110 in FIG. 21 may notrepresent the correct chronological order of the steps in time, sincesome of the steps may require interaction—as apparent from theexplanations above.

Synchronous Per-CC Power Headroom Reports in One Sub-Frame

In line with the first aspect of the invention, another alternativeimplementation and embodiment of the invention for informing the eNodeBon a power-limit situation of the user equipment, the user equipmentsends a per-CC power headroom report for each assigned or configuredcomponent carrier of the sub-frame to inform the eNodeB on a situationwhere the user equipment is close to using its total maximum UE transmitpower or the resource allocations and power control commands of theeNodeB would require using a transmit power exceeding the userequipment's total maximum UE transmit power. The per-CC power headroommay be for example defined according to one of the definitions providedin the section “Definition of the Per-CC Power Headroom” below.

The per-CC power headroom reports are sent within a single sub-frame inthe uplink. Basically, this can be considered as defining a new triggerfor sending power headroom reports.

Optionally, in order to identify that the power headroom report for acomponent carrier is non-periodic, respectively, triggered by a powerlimit situation, one bit in the MAC PDU sub-header of the MAC CE for theper-CC power headroom report (per-CC PHR MAC CE) could be used, similarto the power status flag described above. Accordingly, also in thisembodiment, one of the two reserved bits in the MAC PDU sub-headercorresponding to the per-CC PHR MAC CE is used for indication of powerlimitation and/or this being the cause for the transmission of the powerheadroom report. The logical channel ID (LCID) for the power limitationtriggered power headroom report by means of the per-CC PHR MAC CE may bethe same as for power headroom report triggered by periodic reporting orby path loss change, e.g. 11010 as shown in FIG. 30 (the PS flag wouldindicate that the corresponding MAC CE contains an power headroom reporttriggered by power limitation). Alternatively the flag could be signaledusing one of the two reserved/unused bits in the MAC control elementcontaining the per-CC power headroom report itself.

In another implementation, instead of using a flag, a new LCID may bedefined to indicate that the power headroom report for a configured orassigned uplink component carrier was triggered by power limitation.

In a further exemplary implementation, individual LCIDs could be definedfor the configured uplink component carriers, so that the LCID may beused to indicate to which configured uplink component carrier the MAC CE(and the power headroom report thereof) belongs. FIG. 31 shows anexemplary MAC PDU comprising per-CC PHR MAC CEs for three configuredcomponent carriers (CoCa1, CoCa2 and CoCa3) of a user equipmentaccording to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. In the MAC PDUsub-header section three MAC sub-headers are provided that includespecial LCIDs defined for the respective component carriers configuredfor the user equipment in the uplink (LCID CoCa1, LCID CoCa2, and LCIDCoCa3). Based on the LCIDs in the sub-headers of the MAC PDU, the eNodeBcan associate the per-CC power headroom reports in the MAC CEs withinthe MAC PDU's payload section to the respective configured componentcarriers of the user equipment.

Please note that in this example, the same LCID is used irrespective ofthe trigger. Therefore, the sub-header for the respective per-CC PHR MACCEs comprises a flag in the first (or second) bit of the sub-header(similar to the power scaling flag) that, when set, respectively notset, indicates that the power headroom report in the per-CC PHR MAC CEis a event-triggered power headroom report triggered by a power limitsituation. If the component carrier specific LCIDs would be used onlyfor power headroom reports due to a power limit situation, no flag inthe sub-header is required.

In this exemplary embodiment, the user equipment may optionally re-usethe power headroom reporting mechanism (including the user of the timersperiodicPHR-Timer and prohibitPHR-Timer) and their format as shown inFIG. 7 know from LTE Rel. 8/9 for each respective report sent in thesub-frame. When the user equipment is in a situation where it is closeto using its total maximum UE transmit power or the resource allocationsand power control commands of the eNodeB would require using a transmitpower exceeding the user equipment's total maximum UE transmit power,the user equipment will send on each assigned component carrier a per-CCpower headroom report as known from LTE Rel. 8/9 for the respectivecomponent carrier. In doing so the user equipment ignores thetimerprohibitPHR-Timer, if running. Subsequent to the transmission ofthe multiple per-CC power headroom reports, the timersperiodicPHR-TimerandprohibitPHR-Timer may be restarted.

Upon reception of all power headroom reports in the sub-frame, theeNodeB has the full picture of the total power situation of the userequipment.

In a further exemplary implementation according to another embodiment ofthe invention, the per-CC power headroom reports on all configured orassigned component carriers could be send in only one MAC PDU on one ofthe assigned component carriers. The selection of this component carrieron which the power headroom reports are to be sent can be implemented asdescribed previously herein (see inter alia section Selection of theComponent Carrier for transmitting the per-UE power headroom MAC CE).

In one exemplary implementation of this embodiment, the multiple per-CCpower headroom reports could be included into one MAC PDU. An exemplaryformat of a MAC PDU containing multiple PHR MAC CEs is shown in FIG. 17,where a report of three power headroom reports on assigned componentcarriers CoCa1, CoCa3 and CoCa4 is exemplified.

The MAC PDU comprises first the component carrier-specific logicalchannel identifiers (LCIDs) within respective sub-headers field thatallow the identification of the component carriers reported on andindicate that the MAC PDU's payload section comprises three PHR MAC CEs.Each sub-header (indicating the LCID) is 8 bits long (one octet),wherein the first two bits of the octet (R) are reserved bits, and thethird bit (E) indicates whether the next octet in the MAC PDU is anothersub-header of the MAC PDU header or whether the payload section of theMAC PDU is following the octet (i.e. whether the next octet is PHR MACCE in this example), and the last 5 bits are the LCID.

For example, if the E bit is set (e.g. 1), another sub-header is presentin the next octet of the MAC PDU; if the E bit is not set (e.g. 0), thenext octet is part of the payload section of the MAC PDU that is assumedto start with the first PHR MAC CE.

In another alternative implementation, the power headroom reports onmultiple component carriers may also be included into a single MACcontrol element (“multiple PHR MAC CE”).

The multiple PHR MAC CE comprises in its first octet a bitmap of 5 bitsindicating for which component carrier a PHR field is included in themultiple PHR MAC CE. A priority order of the component carriers, asdescribed in Application 1 and Application 2, may define the meaning ofthe individual positions of bits within the bitmap. Generally, a bit set(e.g. 1) at a certain position of the bitmap means that there is a PHRfield for the associated component carrier including in the MAC CE.Following the octet comprising the component carrier bitmap, therespective PHR field(s) with the power headroom value for the componentcarrier is/are included. The PHR field may for example have the sameformat as shown in FIG. 7 and reports the power headroom (PH) for acomponent carrier. An example of a multiple PHR MAC CE, where a reportof three power headroom reports on assigned component carriers CoCa1,CoCa3 and CoCa4 is exemplified in FIG. 18.

Please note that for this alternative implementation, LTE Rel. 8/9 powerheadroom reports and the multiple PHR MAC CE could use the same logicalchannel identifier, and the two formats may be distinguished by settingor not setting the first or second reserved bit in the first octet ofthe control element. Of course, the multiple PHR MAC CE may also beassigned its own logical channel identifier (LCID) in the MAC PDUheader.

The multiple PHR MAC CE may be further assigned its own logical channelidentifier, so that it can be identified by a corresponding sub-headersin the MAC PDU's header (see FIG. 6).

FIG. 9 shows a flow chart of an exemplary operation of a user equipmentaccording to one embodiment of the invention in line with the secondaspect of the invention. Similar to FIG. 8, the user equipment receives801 plural resource assignments for a given sub-frame and estimates 802the transmit power (ETP) required for uplink transmissions on assignedcomponent carriers according to received resource assignments. Next, theuser equipment determines 803, whether the estimated transmit power(ETP) is exceeding a certain threshold value. If the threshold value isnot exceeded, the user equipment is not in a power limit situation, sothat report thereon needs to be signaled to the eNodeB. Accordingly, theuser equipment will next generate 804 the protocol data units fortransmission on the respective assigned component carriers and transmits805 the protocol data units (which are referred to as transport blocksin the Physical layer) to the eNodeB via the assigned componentcarriers. Please note that the generation of the protocol data units canbe for example implemented as described in Application 1 or Application2.

If the user equipment is in a power limit situation as determined instep 803, the user equipment determines 906 for each component carrierfor which a resource assignment has been received a per-CC powerheadroom.

Next, the user equipment may generate 907 for each assigned componentcarrier an individual per-CC power headroom MAC CE (for example usingthe format shown in FIG. 7) and further generates 908 the MAC PDUsincluding each the corresponding per-CC power headroom MAC CE accordingto the resource assignments. Subsequently the user equipment transmitsthe PDUs including per-CC power headroom MAC CEs on the assignedcomponent carriers to the eNodeB.

Please note that alternatively to steps 907 and 908, there could also bea single multiple PHR MAC CE formed and transmitted in one of the MACPDUs, as outlined above.

FIG. 12 shows power headroom reporting in a LTE-A system according to anembodiment of the invention, where the exemplary operation of a userequipment according to FIG. 9 is employed. In most situations, theoperation is corresponding to the operation of the user equipment as hasbeen outlined with respect to FIG. 10 previously herein. In contrast toFIG. 10, it is assumed that at T the user equipment has received threeresources assignments for all three component carriers for the sub-frameat T₆, however the transmit power control function has is yielding again factor for the transmission that high that given the resourceallocation, the estimated transmit power exceeds the total maximum UEtransmit power (see step 803 of FIG. 9). Accordingly, in this case theuser equipment determines the per-CC power headroom values for all threecomponent carriers and sends PDUs each comprising a per-CC powerheadroom report for the respective component carrier in the uplink. Ascan be recognized from FIG. 12, the prohibitPHR-Timer is running at Tfor the component carrier CoCa3, but is ignored by the user equipment.Upon sending the per-CC power headroom reports the respective timers arerestarted for each component carrier.

FIG. 13 shows another exemplary power headroom reporting in a LTE-Asystem according to an embodiment of the invention, where the exemplaryoperation of a user equipment according to FIG. 9 is employed. Theexample shown therein is the same as in FIG. 12, except for the userequipment having been assigned only resources on component carriersCoCa1 and CoCa3 for the sub-frame at T. Similar to FIG. 12, the userequipment still is in a power limit situation for this sub-frame, butsends a single multiple PHR MAC CE in the PDU transmitted on componentcarrier CoCa1 that reports the power headrooms for component carriersCoCa1 and CoCa3. Thereupon the timers periodicPHR-Timer andprohibitPHR-Timer are restarted for the component carriers for which aper-CC power headroom report has been sent, i.e. component carriersCoCa1 and CoCa3 in this example.

FIG. 22 shows a flow chart of an exemplary operation of a user equipmentaccording to one embodiment of the invention in line with the firstaspect of the invention. The user equipment receives 2101 (similar tostep 801 of FIG. 8) plural resource assignments for a given sub-frameand estimates 2102 (similar to step 802 of FIG. 8) the transmit power(ETP) required for uplink transmissions on assigned component carriersaccording to received resource assignments. In one exemplary embodimentof the invention, the transmit power is estimated by the user equipmentbased on the received resource assignments for the protocol data unitsto be transmitted in the sub-frame and the status of a transmit powercontrol function of the user equipment as explained with respect to FIG.8 above. Further, the user equipment determines 2103, whether theestimated transmit power (ETP) is exceeding the total maximum UEtransmit power (MATP or P_(CMAX)).

If the total maximum UE transmit power is not exceeded, the userequipment is not in a power limit situation, so that no power statusreport thereon needs to be signaled to the eNodeB. Accordingly, the userequipment will next generate 804 the protocol data units fortransmission on the respective assigned component carriers. Thegeneration of the protocol data units can be for example implemented asdescribed in Application 1 or Application 2. Then the user equipmenttransmits 805 the MAC PDUs to the eNodeB.

In case the estimated transmit power exceeds the total maximum UEtransmit power in step 2103, the user equipment generates 2201 for eachconfigured (alternatively for each assigned) uplink component carrier arespective power headroom report (per-CC power headroom report) andfurther generates 2202 for each configured component carrier anindividual per-CC power headroom MAC CE (for example using the formatshown in FIG. 7). In case no uplink grant is available for a givencomponent carrier, the user equipment may for example assume apredefined resource allocation or alternatively predefined PUSCH poweron those configured component carriers for which no uplink resourceassignment is applicable in the given sub-frame.

Next, the user equipment forms 2203 the MAC PDUs including the per-CCpower headroom MAC CEs. The MAC PDUs are formed according to theresource assignments. Subsequently the user equipment transmits the PDUsincluding per-CC power headroom MAC CEs on the assigned componentcarriers to the eNodeB.

In case the identification of the transmission of the power headroomreports in the per-CC PHR MAC CEs have been triggered by the estimatedtransmit power of the sub-frame exceeding the total maximum UE transmitpower is not provided otherwise, the user equipment may optionally set2204 indicator(s)—i.e. flag(s)—in the MAC PDUs to indicate the cause forsending the per-CC power headroom reports. For example, each MACsub-header for a PHR MAC CE or each PHR MAC CE may comprise a respectiveflag that indicates whether the estimated transmit power exceeded thetotal maximum UE transmit power.

Furthermore, the user equipment performs 2109 power scaling to reducethe transmission power to at least one of the assigned componentcarriers in order to reduce the overall transmit power for thetransmissions on the assigned component carriers below (or equal to) themaximum UE transmit power. As explained above, no power scaling may beapplied to the transmission on a component carrier, if for exampleuplink control information is transmitted on this component carriertogether with the MAC PDU in a given sub-frame, i.e. also referred to asPUSCH with UCI. The MAC PDUs including the per-CC PHR CEs are thentransmitted 2206 on the respective assigned uplink component carriersusing the reduced transmit power.

Please note that the order of the steps in FIG. 22 may not represent thecorrect chronological order of the steps in time, since some of thesteps may require interaction—as apparent from the explanations above.

f. Definition of the Per-CC Power Headroom

Currently there is no clear definition of the component carrier specificpower headroom report. For example it's not clear yet, whether the powerreduction applied to the (nominal) component carrier-specific maximumtransmit power (P_(CMAX,c)) takes into account only the uplinktransmission (resource allocation) on the corresponding CC or alsotransmissions on other assigned uplink component carriers. For examplein case there are uplink transmissions scheduled on multiple componentcarriers simultaneously, the amount of power reduction, sometimes alsoreferred to as power back-off, may be increased in order to avoidunwanted emissions. Simultaneous transmission of PUSCH and/or PUCCHacross aggregated component or clustered PUSCH within a componentcarrier may generate additional inter-modulation products in the UEtransmitter chain that may consequently necessitate a transmitter powerback-off in order to meet the ACLR requirements.

i. PH Definition 1

In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 28, theper-CC power headroom is not taking into account power scaling on agiven component carrier. The power headroom is defined as the differencebetween the maximum transmit power of the component carrier PCMX, (afterpower reduction) minus the estimated transmit power of the UE for thecomponent carrier c prior to power scaling. The estimated transmit powerof the UE for the component carrier c may be given by a transmit powercontrol of the user equipment for the component carrier c.

In one exemplary implementation and in line with this embodiment, theper-CC power headroom may be for example determined as described in 3GPPTS 36.213, version 8.8.0, section 5.1.1 mentioned already earlierherein. Hence, Equation 2 above is reused and applied for the respectiveassigned or configured component carriers as follows.

The per-CC power headroom PH_(c)(i) of component carrier c may be forexample defined as

PH_(c)(i)=P _(CMAX,c)−{10·log₁₀(M _(PUSCH,c)(i))+P_(0_PUSCH,c)(j)+α_(c)(j)·PL_(c)+Δ_(TF,c)(i)+ƒ_(c)(i)}   Equation 3

where P_(CMAX,c) is the maximum transmit power of component carrier c(after power reduction), obeying:

P _(CMAX_L,c) ≤P _(CMAX,c) ≤P _(CMAX_H,c)

P _(CMAX_L)=min(P _(EMAX,c) −ΔT _(C) ,P _(PowerClass)−MPR_(c)−AMPR_(c)−ΔT _(C))

P _(CMAX_H,c)=min(P _(EMAX,c) P _(PowerClass))

The index c of the different parameters indicates that this is forcomponent carrier c. Furthermore, some of the parameters in the equationmay be UE specific. The meaning of the parameters in Equation 3 areotherwise defined as in the Technical Background section (for therespective component carrier c where applicable or per-user equipment).

The estimated transmit power P_(PUSCH,c)(i) of the UE for the componentcarrier c as given by a transmit power control of the user equipment forthe component carrier c may be defined as follows:

P _(PUSCH,c)(i)=min{P _(CMAX,c),10 log₁₀(M _(PUSCH,c)(i))+P_(0_PUSCH,c)(j)+α_(c)(j)·PL_(c)+Δ_(TF,c)(i)+ƒ_(c)(i)}   Equation 4

ii. PH Definition 2

In one exemplary embodiment of the invention, as shown in FIG. 27, theper-CC power headroom is taking into account power scaling on a givencomponent carrier (if applied). The power headroom is defined as thedifference between the maximum transmit power of the component carrierP_(CMAX,c) (after power reduction) minus the used transmit power of theUE for the component carrier c after potential power scaling.

In one example, the used transmit power of the UE for the componentcarrier c after power scaling is the transmitted PUSCH power P^(PS)_(PUSCH,c)(i) of the sub-frame i as defined by:

P ^(PS) _(PUSCH,c)(i)=PSF_(c)·min{P _(CMAX,c),10 log₁₀(M_(PUSCH,c)(i))+P_(0_PUSCH,c)(j)+α_(c)(j)·PL_(c)+Δ_(TF,c)+ƒ_(c)(i)}  Equation 5

where PSF_(c) is the power scaling factor applied for the respectiveconfigured uplink component carrier c.

P^(PS) _(PUSCH,c) (i) can also be expressed as:

P ^(PS) _(PUSCH,c)(i)=PSF _(c) ·P _(PUSCH,c)(i)  Equation 6

where P_(PUSCH,c)(i) is the estimated transmit power for componentcarrier c according to the applicable resource allocation within thesub-frame i:

P _(PUSCH,c)(i)=min{P _(CMAX,c),10 log₁₀(M _(PUSCH,c)(i)+P_(0_PUSCH,c)(j)+α_(c)(j)·PL_(c)+Δ_(TF,c)(i)+ƒ_(c)(i)}   Equation 7

According to Definition 2, the power headroom may be expressed as:

PH_(c)(i)=P _(CMAX,c) −P ^(PS) _(PUSCH,c)(i)  Equation 8

Optionally, the power reduction applied to the (nominal) maximumtransmit power of a component carrier may be determined taking intoaccount simultaneous uplink transmissions on other aggregated componentcarriers. For example, the nominal maximum transmit power for acomponent carrier P_(CMAX_H,c) is reduced by a power reduction PR thattakes into account uplink transmissions on other aggregated componentcarriers within a given sub-frame. The result of the application of thepower reduction is defining the maximum transmit power of the componentcarrier P_(CMAX,c):

P _(CMAX_L,c) ≤P _(CMAX,c) =P _(CMAX_H,c)−PR_(c) ≤P_(CMAX_H,c)  Equation 9

where PR_(c)≤MPR_(c). Hence, P_(CMAX,c) in Equation 3 and Equation 8 mayoptionally include the applied power reduction PR that may optionallytake into account uplink transmissions on other aggregated componentcarriers within a given sub-frame.

iii. Optional Enhancements

In Equations 3 to 9 above, the parameters comprising the index c may becomponent carrier specific. However, some or all of the parameters maybe still configured or set per UE. For example, the parametersP_(0,PUSCH,c)(j) and α_(c)(j) may be defined per UE.

Furthermore, a power headroom according to Definition 2 should inprinciple never be negative, since the total used transmit power, i.e.sum of all uplink transmission powers across the assigned uplinkcomponent carriers, should never exceed (after power scaling) the totalUE maximum transmit power. On the other hand, a power headroom accordingto Definition 1 could be negative. In order to have the same powerheadroom value range for both power headroom definitions, a negativepower headroom value for a power headroom according to Definition 2could therefore be defined to have a special meaning. For example itcould be defined that a negative value indicates that the used transmitpower is a result of power scaling, i.e. total maximum UE transmissionpower is exceeded. Thereby, the power headroom report would alreadyconvey some information on the power status of the user equipment

g. Reporting the Amount of Power Reduction

As mentioned previously, the eNodeB may be assumed unaware of themaximum power reduction (MPR). As a consequence thereof, the powerreduction applied by the user equipment to the maximum transmit power ofa given component carrier is also unknown to the eNodeB. Thus the eNodeBessentially does not know the maximum transmit power of the componentcarrier relative to which the power headroom is calculated. Thereforeaccording to a further embodiment of the invention, the user equipmentinforms the eNodeB about the amount of power reduction (also referred toas power back-off) applied to an uplink component carrier.

In one exemplary implementation, the user equipment signals the amountof power reduction when reporting a power headroom. Based on the powerheadroom and the applied amount of power reduction the eNodeB cancalculate the actual used transmit power on a given component carrierand hence knows the UE power status.

Unlike in the previous exemplary embodiments, the amount of powerreduction for the configured or assigned uplink component carriers maynot necessarily be reported when the user equipment is in a power-limitsituation or approaching same, but the amount of power reduction appliedto a component carrier may be sent/updated by the user equipmentperiodically or in response to a change beyond a given threshold value,similar to the reporting of power headrooms. In order to reduce thesignaling overhead the user equipment may only report the amount ofpower reduction in case the user equipment is in a power limit situationor is approaching same, as exemplified before.

FIG. 23 shows a flow chart of an exemplary operation of a user equipmentaccording to one embodiment of the invention in line with the firstaspect of the invention. The user equipment receives 2101 (similar tostep 801 of FIG. 8) plural resource assignments for a given sub-frameand estimates 2102 (similar to step 802 of FIG. 8) the transmit power(ETP) required for uplink transmissions on assigned component carriersaccording to received resource assignments. In one exemplary embodimentof the invention, the transmit power is estimated by the user equipmentbased on the received resource assignments for the protocol data unitsto be transmitted in the sub-frame and the status of a transmit powercontrol function of the user equipment as explained with respect to FIG.8 above. Further, the user equipment determines 2103, whether theestimated transmit power (ETP) is exceeding the total maximum UEtransmit power (MATP or P_(CMAX)).

If the total maximum UE transmit power is not exceeded, the userequipment is not in a power limit situation, so that no power statusreport thereon needs to be signaled to the eNodeB. Accordingly, the userequipment will next generate 804 the protocol data units fortransmission on the respective assigned component carriers. Thegeneration of the protocol data units can be for example implemented asdescribed in Application 1 or Application 2. Then the user equipmenttransmits 805 the MAC PDUs to the eNodeB.

In case the estimated transmit power exceeds the total maximum UEtransmit power in step 2103, the user equipment generates 2201 for eachconfigured (alternatively for each assigned) uplink component carrier arespective power headroom report (per-CC power headroom report) andfurther generates 2202 for each configured component carrier anindividual per-CC power headroom MAC CE (for example using the formatshown in FIG. 7). In case no uplink grant is available for a givencomponent carrier, the user equipment may for example assume apredefined resource allocation or alternatively predefined PUSCH poweron those configured component carriers for which no uplink resourceassignment is applicable in the given sub-frame. The power headroom maybe calculated using for example Definition 1 or Definition 2 outlinedabove.

Furthermore, the user equipment generates 2301 for each assigned orconfigured component carrier in the uplink a per-CC power reduction MACCE that is indicating the amount of power reduction (e.g. in dB) that isapplied to the respective component carrier. Next, the user equipmentforms 2302 the MAC PDUs the per-CC power headroom MAC CEs and per-CCpower reduction CEs. The MAC PDUs are formed according to the resourceassignments.

The per-CC power reduction MAC CE comprises the amount of powerreduction applied to the component carrier and may be defined similar tothe PHR MAC CE in LTE Rel. 8, as shown in FIG. 32. A new logical channelID (LCID) could be reserved for identification of the per-CC powerreduction MAC CE.

The user equipment performs 2109 power scaling to reduce thetransmission power to at least one of the assigned component carriers inorder to reduce the overall transmit power for the transmissions on theassigned component carriers below (or equal to) the maximum UE transmitpower. The MAC PDUs including the per-CC PHR CEs and per-CC powerreduction MAC CEs are then transmitted 2303 on the respective assigneduplink component carriers using the reduced transmit power.

Please note that the order of the steps in FIG. 23 may not represent thecorrect chronological order of the steps in time, since some of thesteps may require interaction—as apparent from the explanations above.

Instead of signaling individual per-CC PHR CEs and per-CC powerreduction CEs, the per-CC power headroom and the per-CC power reductionapplied to the component carrier may also be signaled in one MAC CE. Inorder to identify this new MAC CE (power reduction & power headroom), aone-bit flag could be used to indicate the format of the MAC CE. Forexample, the flag could be one of the two reserved bits (R) provided inthe MAC sub-header. The flag being set (e.g. 1) may for example indicatethat amount of power reduction and a power headroom report according toDefinition 1 or Definition 2 is comprised in the MAC CE. The flag notbeing set (e.g. 0) indicates that only a power headroom report accordingto Definition 1 or Definition 2 is signaled.

Alternatively instead of signaling the amount of power reduction, theuser equipment may signal a power headroom report for all configured orassigned component carriers when the applied power reduction to themaximum transmit power of an component carrier changes beyond somepredefined threshold. Basically a new trigger for per-CC PHR reportingwould be introduced.

h. Signaling the Amount of Power Scaling

Another alternative implementation and embodiment of the invention forinforming the eNodeB on a power-limit situation of the user equipment,the user equipment signals the amount of power scaling applied to thedifferent configured or assigned uplink component carriers. The amountof power scaling (in dB) may be for example signaled for each uplinkcomponent carrier when the user equipment is power limited, i.e. theestimated overall transmit power for the sub-frame exceeds the totalmaximum UE transmit power.

FIG. 24 shows a flow chart of an exemplary operation of a user equipmentaccording to one embodiment of the invention in line with the firstaspect of the invention. The user equipment receives 2101 (similar tostep 801 of FIG. 8) plural resource assignments for a given sub-frameand estimates 2102 (similar to step 802 of FIG. 8) the transmit power(ETP) required for uplink transmissions on assigned component carriersaccording to received resource assignments. In one exemplary embodimentof the invention, the transmit power is estimated by the user equipmentbased on the received resource assignments for the protocol data unitsto be transmitted in the sub-frame and the status of a transmit powercontrol function of the user equipment as explained with respect to FIG.8 above. Further, the user equipment determines 2103, whether theestimated transmit power (ETP) is exceeding the total maximum UEtransmit power (MATP or P_(CMAX)).

If the total maximum UE transmit power is not exceeded, the userequipment is not in a power limit situation, so that no power statusreport thereon needs to be signaled to the eNodeB. Accordingly, the userequipment will next generate 804 the protocol data units fortransmission on the respective assigned component carriers. Thegeneration of the protocol data units can be for example implemented asdescribed in Application 1 or Application 2. Then the user equipmenttransmits 805 the MAC PDUs to the eNodeB.

In case the estimated transmit power exceeds the total maximum UEtransmit power in step 2103, the user equipment generates 2201 for eachconfigured (or alternatively for each assigned) uplink component carriera respective power headroom report (per-CC power headroom report) andfurther generates 2202 for each assigned component carrier an individualper-CC power headroom MAC CE (for example using the format shown in FIG.7). In case no uplink grant is available for a given component carrier,the user equipment may for example assume a predefined resourceallocation or alternatively predefined PUSCH power on those configuredcomponent carriers for which no uplink resource assignment is applicablein the given sub-frame. The power headroom may be calculated using forexample Definition 1 or Definition 2 outlined above.

Furthermore, the user equipment generates 2401 for each assignedcomponent carrier in the uplink a per-CC power scaling MAC CE that isindicating the power scaling factor (e.g. in dB) that of the powerscaling applied to the transmission of the respective component carrier.Next, the user equipment forms 2402 the MAC PDUs the per-CC powerheadroom MAC CEs and per-CC power scaling CEs. The MAC PDUs are formedaccording to the resource assignments.

For signaling, a new MAC CE may be defined that comprises the powerscaling factor (PSF). This (per-CC) power scaling MAC CE could bedefined similar to the PHR MAC CE in LTE Rel. 8, as shown in FIG. 33. Anew logical channel ID (LCID) could be reserved for identification ofthe per-CC power scaling MAC CE.

The user equipment performs 2109 power scaling to reduce thetransmission power to at least one of the assigned component carriers inorder to reduce the overall transmit power for the transmissions on theassigned component carriers below (or equal to) the maximum UE transmitpower. The MAC PDUs including the per-CC PHR CEs and per-CC powerscaling MAC CEs are then transmitted 2403 on the respective assigneduplink component carriers using the reduced transmit power.

Please note that the order of the steps in FIG. 24 may not represent thecorrect chronological order of the steps in time, since some of thesteps may require interaction—as apparent from the explanations above.

In an alternative embodiment, the amount of power scaling could besignaled by means of the power headroom report. Instead of reporting theabsolute amount of power scaling the user equipment reports a per-CCpower headroom according to Definition 1 and a per-CC power headroomaccording to Definition 2 simultaneously for one component carrier. TheeNodeB can then calculate the amount of power scaling by taking thedifference of the two power headrooms.

Since reports a per-CC power headroom according to Definition 1 and aper-CC power headroom according to Definition 2 will report the samevalues when no power scaling is applied, it's only useful to report bothpower headrooms if the user equipment is power limited. In order todistinguish the different reporting formats, one reserved bit (R) of theMAC PDU sub-header corresponding to the per-CC PHR MAC CE may be used.For example, the reserved bit being set (e.g. 1) indicates that powerscaling was applied, that a per-CC power headroom according toDefinition 1 (or Definition 2) together with the absolute amount ofpower scaling, or alternatively, a per-CC power headroom according toDefinition 1 and a per-CC power headroom according to Definition 2 isreported. The reserved bit not being set (e.g. 0) may indicates that nopower scaling was applied and normal per-CC PHR is reported.

i. Hardware and Software Implementation of the Invention

Another embodiment of the invention relates to the implementation of theabove described various embodiments using hardware and software. In thisconnection the invention provides a user equipment (mobile terminal) anda eNodeB (base station). The user equipment is adapted to perform themethods described herein. Furthermore, the eNodeB comprises means thatenable the eNodeB to determine the power status of respective userequipments from the power status information received from the userequipments and to consider the power status of the different userequipments in the scheduling of the different user equipments by itsscheduler.

It is further recognized that the various embodiments of the inventionmay be implemented or performed using computing devices (processors). Acomputing device or processor may for example be general purposeprocessors, digital signal processors (DSP), application specificintegrated circuits (ASIC), field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) orother programmable logic devices, etc. The various embodiments of theinvention may also be performed or embodied by a combination of thesedevices.

Further, the various embodiments of the invention may also beimplemented by means of software modules, which are executed by aprocessor or directly in hardware. Also a combination of softwaremodules and a hardware implementation may be possible. The softwaremodules may be stored on any kind of computer readable storage media,for example RAM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, registers, hard disks,CD-ROM, DVD, etc.

It should be further noted that the individual features of the differentembodiments of the invention may individually or in arbitrarycombination be subject matter to another invention.

It would be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that numerousvariations and/or modifications may be made to the present invention asshown in the specific embodiments without departing from the spirit orscope of the invention as broadly described. The present embodimentsare, therefore, to be considered in all respects to be illustrative andnot restrictive.

1. A communication system comprising a user equipment (UE) and a basestation, wherein the communication system uses component carrieraggregation in which two or more component carriers (CCs) areaggregated, wherein the UE includes: a processor configured to generatea power status report that includes: (i) a CC specific maximumtransmission power, P_(CMAX,c), for each configured and activated uplinkCC, wherein P_(CMAX,c) shall be set within following bounds:P _(CMAX_L,c) <=P _(CMAX,c) <=P _(CMAX_H,c) where PCMAX_L,c is a lowerbound and PCMAX_H,c is a higher bound of a CC specific maximumtransmission power, and (ii) a power headroom report indicative of adifference between the CC specific maximum transmission power,P_(CMAX,c), and an estimated UE transmit power, per each configured andactivated uplink CC, wherein the CC specific maximum transmission power,P_(CMAX,c), for each configured and activated CC is included in thepower status report when a resource is allocated to the configured andactivated uplink CC for the UE; and a transmitter configured to transmitthe power status report to the base station, and wherein the basestation includes: a receiver, which, in operation, receives the powerstatus report from the UE; and circuitry, which is coupled to thereceiver and which, in operation, controls communication with the UEbased on the received power status report.
 2. The communication systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the power status report is triggered atactivation of a configured uplink CC.
 3. The communication systemaccording to claim 1, wherein the power status report is for UplinkShared Channel (UL-SCH) transmission per configured and activated uplinkCC.
 4. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein the powerstatus report for a sub-frame takes into account a transmission power ofa Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) used by the UE in the samesub-frame.
 5. The communication system according to claim 1, wherein incase no resource allocation is available in a sub-frame, the powerstatus report takes into account a predefined uplink grant or apredefined Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) power.
 6. Thecommunication system according to claim 1, wherein the power headroomreports on multiple configured and activated uplink CCs are included ina single Media Access Control (MAC) control element, wherein the MACcontrol element includes a bitmap and a bit set at a certain position ofthe bitmap indicates the presence of a power headroom report field for acorresponding CC.
 7. The communication system according to claim 1,wherein the power status report includes indicators that indicate, foreach (ii) power headroom report, the presence of the associated (i) CCspecific maximum transmission power, PCMAX,c, respectively.
 8. Thecommunication system according to claim 1, wherein the CC specificmaximum transmission power, P_(CMAX,c), is a nominal UE maximum transmitpower.
 9. A method implemented in a communication system including auser equipment (UE) and a base station, wherein the communication systemuses component carrier aggregation in which two or more componentcarriers (CCs) are aggregated, the method comprising: generating, by theUE, a power status report that includes: (i) a CC specific maximumtransmission power, P_(CMAX,c), for each configured and activated uplinkCC, wherein P_(CMAX,c) shall be set within following bounds:P _(CMAX_L,c) <=P _(CMAX,c) <=P _(CMAX_H,c) where P_(CMAX_L,c) is alower bound and P_(CMAX_H,c) is a higher bound of a CC specific maximumtransmission power, and (ii) a power headroom report indicative of adifference between the CC specific maximum transmission power,P_(CMAX,c), and an estimated UE transmit power, per each configured andactivated uplink CC, wherein the CC specific maximum transmission power,P_(CMAX,c), for each configured and activated CC is included in thepower status report when a resource is allocated to the configured andactivated uplink CC for the UE; transmitting, by the UE, the powerstatus report to the base station; receiving, by the base station, thepower status report from the UE; and controlling, by the base station,communication with the UE based on the received power status report. 10.The method according to claim 9, wherein the power status report istriggered at activation of a configured uplink CC.
 11. A user equipment(UE) for use in a communication system, wherein the communication systemuses component carrier aggregation in which two or more componentcarriers (CCs) are aggregated, the UE comprising: a processor configuredto generate a power status report that includes: (i) a CC specificmaximum transmission power, P_(CMAX,c), for each configured andactivated uplink CC, wherein P_(CMAX,c) shall be set within followingbounds:P _(CMAX_L,c) <=P _(CMAX,c) <=P _(CMAX_H,c) where PCMAX_L,c is a lowerbound and PCMAX_H,c is a higher bound of a CC specific maximumtransmission power, and (ii) a power headroom report indicative of adifference between the CC specific maximum transmission power,P_(CMAX,c), and an estimated UE transmit power, per each configured andactivated uplink CC, wherein the CC specific maximum transmission power,P_(CMAX,c), for each configured and activated CC is included in thepower status report when a resource is allocated to the configured andactivated uplink CC for the UE; and a transmitter configured to transmitthe power status report to a base station.
 12. The UE according to claim11, wherein the power status report is triggered at activation of aconfigured uplink CC.
 13. The UE according to claim 11, wherein thepower status report is for Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH) transmissionper configured and activated uplink CC.
 14. The UE according to claim11, wherein the power status report for a sub-frame takes into account atransmission power of a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH) used bythe UE in the same sub-frame.
 15. The UE according to claim 11, whereinin case no resource allocation is available in a sub-frame, the powerstatus report takes into account a predefined uplink grant or apredefined Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH) power.
 16. The UEaccording to claim 11, wherein the power headroom reports on multipleconfigured and activated uplink CCs are included in a single MediaAccess Control (MAC) control element, wherein the MAC control elementincludes a bitmap and a bit set at a certain position of the bitmapindicates the presence of a power headroom report field for acorresponding CC.
 17. The UE according to claim 11, wherein the powerstatus report includes indicators that indicate, for each (ii) powerheadroom report, the presence of the associated (i) CC specific maximumtransmission power, PCMAX,c, respectively.
 18. The UE according to claim11, wherein the CC specific maximum transmission power, P_(CMAX,c), is anominal UE maximum transmit power.
 19. A method implemented in a userequipment (UE) in a communication system including the UE and a basestation, wherein the communication system uses component carrieraggregation in which two or more component carriers (CCs) areaggregated, the method comprising: generating, by the UE, a power statusreport that includes: (i) a CC specific maximum transmission power,P_(CMAX,c), for each configured and activated uplink CC, whereinP_(CMAX,c) shall be set within following bounds:P _(CMAX_L,c) <=P _(CMAX,c) <=P _(CMAX_H,c) where P_(CMAX_L,c) is alower bound and P_(CMAX_H,c) is a higher bound of a CC specific maximumtransmission power, and (ii) a power headroom report indicative of adifference between the CC specific maximum transmission power,P_(CMAX,c), and an estimated UE transmit power, per each configured andactivated uplink CC, wherein the CC specific maximum transmission power,P_(CMAX,c), for each configured and activated CC is included in thepower status report when a resource is allocated to the configured andactivated uplink CC for the UE, and transmitting, by the UE, the powerstatus report to the base station.
 20. The method according to claim 19,wherein the power status report is triggered at activation of aconfigured uplink CC.